Introduction
India has a growing demand for energy and an urgent need to shift from conventional fossil fuels to non-conventional or renewable energy sources. Non-conventional energy includes solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, and tidal energy. These are sustainable, eco-friendly, and essential for mitigating climate change.
Current Status
India is one of the world’s leading countries in renewable energy deployment. As of 2024, it ranks fourth globally in installed renewable energy capacity. Solar energy leads the sector, supported by the National Solar Mission. Wind energy is prominent in states like Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Biomass and small hydropower are also used in rural electrification and local energy production.
Challenges
- High Initial Cost: Installation and setup of renewable energy systems require significant investment.
- Storage Issues: Intermittency in solar and wind energy generation necessitates efficient storage solutions.
- Infrastructure and Grid Integration: Remote areas lack proper grid connectivity to utilize generated power efficiently.
- Policy and Implementation Gaps: While policies exist, inconsistent implementation hampers growth.
Examples
India’s largest solar park in Pavagada, Karnataka, and offshore wind projects in Gujarat highlight progress. Programs like UJALA and the International Solar Alliance reflect India’s global leadership in renewables.
Conclusion
Though progress is significant, challenges remain in expanding non-conventional energy. With consistent investment, innovation, and supportive policies, India can become a global renewable energy hub.