Introduction
Shripad Amrit Dange, a prominent Indian communist and freedom fighter, had a complex view of Mahatma Gandhi. While he often disagreed with Gandhi’s methods and ideology, he also acknowledged Gandhi’s positive contributions to India’s freedom struggle. In this post, we will explore Dange’s perspective on Gandhi and the aspects of Gandhi’s work that Dange appreciated despite their ideological differences.
Who Was S.A. Dange?
S.A. Dange was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India. He believed in Marxist principles and focused on class struggle, labor rights, and economic equality. Dange viewed British colonialism through a class-based lens and advocated for a socialist revolution to free India from both foreign rule and internal exploitation.
Given these ideological differences, Dange and Gandhi were often on opposite sides of political debates. However, Dange did not ignore Gandhi’s influence and achievements.
Dange’s Criticism of Gandhi
Before looking at his appreciation, it’s important to understand Dange’s criticisms:
- He believed Gandhi’s focus on non-violence was not suitable for a class struggle.
- He saw Gandhi’s emphasis on religion and morality as outdated and less scientific.
- He was critical of Gandhi’s approach to labor issues, which he felt was too conservative.
Despite these criticisms, Dange did recognize Gandhi’s immense impact on Indian society and politics.
Dange’s Appreciation of Gandhi
Dange acknowledged several positive contributions made by Gandhi that helped transform Indian society and politics:
1. Mass Mobilization
Dange appreciated how Gandhi brought millions of Indians into the political process. Before Gandhi, the freedom struggle was limited to the educated elite. Gandhi’s ability to connect with farmers, laborers, and women helped make the movement truly national. Dange saw this as a major achievement because it gave political consciousness to the working class, which was essential for future social change.
2. Social Reforms
While Dange wanted deeper structural reforms, he acknowledged Gandhi’s work against untouchability and in promoting rural upliftment. Gandhi’s campaigns to clean villages, promote khadi, and support Dalit rights were seen as progressive steps that challenged the traditional power structures.
3. Anti-Imperialist Spirit
Dange agreed with Gandhi’s fight against British imperialism. Although their methods differed, both leaders shared the goal of ending colonial rule. Dange respected Gandhi’s courage and leadership, especially during movements like the Non-Cooperation and Quit India Movements, which shook the foundations of British power.
4. Personal Integrity and Moral Leadership
Even those who disagreed with Gandhi often respected his personal character. Dange admired Gandhi’s simplicity, commitment, and moral discipline. He recognized that Gandhi’s personal example gave him the moral authority to lead millions, something very rare in politics.
Ideological Differences But Mutual Respect
Despite being a Marxist, Dange did not dismiss Gandhi as irrelevant. He believed that Gandhi played a key role in awakening political awareness and creating a base for future progressive movements. In fact, Dange argued that Gandhi helped create the conditions necessary for the rise of leftist and worker-based movements in India.
Conclusion
In conclusion, S.A. Dange had a balanced view of Mahatma Gandhi. While he disagreed with Gandhi’s non-violent and spiritual approach, he acknowledged his ability to awaken the masses, challenge colonial rule, and initiate social reform. Dange’s views remind us that in a diverse democracy, leaders may differ in methods but still contribute positively to the same national goal—freedom and justice for all. Gandhi’s legacy, even among critics like Dange, remains one of deep respect and recognition.