Introduction
The Community-Based Organization (CBO) approach is a participatory development strategy where local people form and manage their own institutions to improve their socio-economic conditions. In India, the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) has effectively implemented the CBO approach, especially in rural and tribal areas. AKRSP, established in 1983, is a non-governmental organization that works for the empowerment of rural communities through sustainable development. It operates mainly in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar.
What is the CBO Approach?
CBOs are grassroots-level institutions created by local people to manage development activities. These include groups like self-help groups (SHGs), water user associations, farmer producer organizations (FPOs), forest protection committees, and village development committees. The approach focuses on community ownership, empowerment, and capacity building.
Key Features of CBO Approach in AKRSP
1. Community Participation
AKRSP believes that development should be driven by the people themselves. The organization encourages villagers to come together and form groups based on shared interests or problems. These groups identify their own needs, plan solutions, and implement projects. This builds a sense of ownership and responsibility among the members.
2. Capacity Building and Training
AKRSP conducts training programs to develop the skills of CBO members. These include leadership training, bookkeeping, project management, technical skills in agriculture or water management, and legal literacy. The aim is to make CBOs self-reliant and effective in managing their activities.
3. Women’s Empowerment
Women are a key focus of AKRSP’s CBO strategy. The organization promotes women’s self-help groups (SHGs) that work on savings, credit, health, and livelihood. Many women have taken leadership roles in village institutions, challenging traditional gender norms and improving family incomes.
4. Livelihood Promotion
Through the CBO approach, AKRSP supports various livelihood activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts, and micro-enterprises. Farmer groups are trained in sustainable farming techniques, water-efficient irrigation, and market access. This leads to higher incomes and improved quality of life.
5. Water and Natural Resource Management
AKRSP works with water user groups to manage irrigation systems and groundwater recharge structures. The community takes collective responsibility for maintaining these assets, ensuring sustainability. Forest protection groups are formed to conserve biodiversity and promote eco-friendly practices.
6. Financial Inclusion
By forming savings and credit groups, AKRSP enables rural families to access financial services. Many CBOs are linked with banks and microfinance institutions. This reduces dependence on moneylenders and encourages planned financial behavior.
7. Linkages with Government and Markets
AKRSP helps CBOs to connect with government schemes and markets. For example, they assist in getting subsidies, crop insurance, and access to welfare schemes. They also help farmer groups in collective marketing, increasing their bargaining power and income.
8. Transparency and Governance
Good governance is promoted through regular meetings, written records, democratic elections, and open decision-making. AKRSP trains leaders and members in accountability practices to avoid corruption and misuse of funds.
Impact of CBO Approach by AKRSP
- Thousands of SHGs have been formed, improving financial security for rural women.
- Improved irrigation and agricultural productivity through community water management.
- Increased income and employment through diversified livelihoods.
- Empowerment of tribal and marginalized communities.
- Enhanced participation of women and youth in local governance.
Case Example
In the tribal areas of Gujarat, AKRSP helped form village development committees that planned and managed drinking water projects. With training and support, these committees constructed water tanks, pipelines, and maintenance systems. Today, the villagers have access to safe drinking water and take care of the system themselves.
Challenges Faced
- Lack of education and awareness in some areas.
- Resistance from traditional power structures.
- Ensuring long-term sustainability and independence of CBOs.
- Limited resources and funding in remote areas.
Conclusion
The CBO approach adopted by Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) is a powerful model for rural development. It promotes local leadership, community ownership, and sustainable practices. By empowering people to take charge of their own development, AKRSP has created lasting change in many rural and tribal areas. The approach is participatory, inclusive, and effective in addressing rural poverty and underdevelopment. It offers valuable lessons for development organizations and governments across the country.