Introduction
In library classification, a clear and logical structure is essential for organizing knowledge. Canons for arrays are guiding principles that ensure subjects at the same level in a classification schedule are arranged meaningfully. These canons are particularly emphasized in faceted classification systems like Colon Classification, developed by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, where precision and logical order are crucial.
What is an Array?
An array in classification refers to a group of classes or subjects that belong to the same level or hierarchy. These classes are mutually exclusive but related to the same broader category. For example, within the main class of social sciences, subjects like economics, political science, and sociology form an array.
Meaning of Canons for Arrays
The canons for arrays are rules that ensure clarity, order, and consistency when arranging items within an array. These canons help avoid confusion and overlapping between subjects, making the classification easier to understand and use.
Major Canons for Arrays
Below are the important canons that guide the formation and arrangement of arrays:
1. Canon of Differentiation
This canon states that each class in an array must differ from the others based on a specific characteristic or attribute. The classes should be distinct and should not overlap.
Example: If you are arranging modes of transport—road, air, and water—each differs based on the medium of transport.
2. Canon of Relevance
This principle ensures that all classes in the array are relevant to the main subject or the broader class. Irrelevant or loosely related classes should not be grouped together.
Example: In a classification under the subject of books, including a category like transportation would be irrelevant.
3. Canon of Ascertainability
Each class in the array should be clearly defined so that users can easily determine the scope of each category. There should be no confusion about where a subject belongs.
Example: If there is a class for “Indian History” and another for “Asian History,” it must be clear where South Asian history belongs.
4. Canon of Exhaustiveness
This canon requires that the array should cover all possible and necessary classes within the broader subject area. The array should not leave out major components.
Example: If you list continents under Geography, all seven continents should be included, not just a few.
5. Canon of Helpful Sequence
This principle says that the classes in an array should be arranged in a sequence that is logical or helpful to the user. This could be alphabetical, chronological, or based on popularity or usage.
Example: Arranging states in alphabetical order in a country’s geography classification.
6. Canon of Consistent Sequence
The basis of arrangement (like alphabetical or chronological) should remain consistent across the classification. Random or mixed sequences confuse users.
Example: If authors are listed alphabetically by last name, all should follow that rule without exceptions.
Importance of Canons for Arrays
- Ensures systematic and logical arrangement of subjects
- Makes classification easy to understand and apply
- Avoids confusion and duplication in subject categories
- Improves information retrieval for library users
Conclusion
The canons for arrays are essential rules in the field of library classification. By following these canons, librarians can ensure that related subjects are organized in a logical, user-friendly, and comprehensive way. This ultimately enhances the quality of library services and helps users find information more effectively.