Explanation of Key Terms in Electronic Media
a. Viewfinder
A viewfinder is a critical part of a camera that allows the photographer or videographer to compose, frame, and focus their shot. It is the small window or screen that shows the exact image the camera lens will capture. There are two main types: optical and electronic. An optical viewfinder (found in DSLRs) uses mirrors to show the actual scene, while an electronic viewfinder (in mirrorless cameras) displays a digital preview. In video production, viewfinders help ensure that framing, lighting, and focus are correct before recording. For news coverage or fast-paced shooting, a clear viewfinder is essential for accurate and quick decision-making.
b. ENG (Electronic News Gathering)
ENG refers to the use of portable electronic equipment to gather news in the field. It includes using handheld cameras, microphones, and sometimes satellite uplinks to record and transmit live or pre-recorded news content. This method became popular in the 1970s and revolutionized journalism by allowing reporters to cover breaking news in real-time without needing large production teams. Modern ENG units are compact, wireless, and often connected directly to newsrooms. Common in TV journalism, ENG ensures timely, on-the-spot reporting of natural disasters, political rallies, or live events.
c. Bird’s Eye View Shot
A bird’s eye view shot is a camera angle taken from directly overhead, looking straight down on the subject. This high-angle shot provides a unique, abstract perspective and is used to show the layout of a scene or make characters appear small or insignificant. It’s commonly used in establishing shots, cityscapes, or dramatic moments in films. Drones have made bird’s eye view shots more accessible and popular in both filmmaking and news coverage. This angle can also symbolize surveillance or detachment.
d. Additive Color Model
The additive color model is a color mixing method used in electronic displays such as television, computer monitors, and digital cameras. It involves combining red, green, and blue (RGB) light in various intensities to produce a broad spectrum of colors. When all three primary colors are combined at full intensity, they create white light. The additive model is essential for all screen-based media. It differs from the subtractive color model (used in printing), which relies on pigments like cyan, magenta, and yellow. Understanding the additive color model is vital in video editing, color correction, and digital imaging.