Introduction
Research in social sciences can be classified into two broad categories: fundamental (basic) research and applied research. Both are important for knowledge development, but they serve different purposes. Fundamental research focuses on gaining knowledge for the sake of understanding, while applied research aims to solve practical problems. This answer explains both types in detail with their features, examples, and differences.
Fundamental (Basic) Research
Definition: Fundamental research is conducted to increase our understanding of basic principles and theories. It is not directly aimed at solving a specific problem but provides the foundation for applied research.
Key Features
- Focuses on theory development.
- Aims to expand knowledge.
- May not have immediate practical use.
- Often done in universities or academic settings.
Example
- A study on how people form opinions or how social norms develop in groups.
Applied Research
Definition: Applied research is focused on solving real-world problems. It uses theories and principles developed by fundamental research to create solutions and improve practices.
Key Features
- Aims to solve specific social, economic, or political issues.
- Often sponsored by governments, businesses, or NGOs.
- Results can be directly applied to policies or programs.
Example
- A study to develop better training programs for teachers based on student learning behavior.
Differences Between Fundamental and Applied Research
| Aspect | Fundamental Research | Applied Research |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | To generate new knowledge | To solve practical problems |
| Approach | Theoretical | Practical |
| Outcome | New concepts and theories | Solutions and applications |
| Use | Not immediately useful | Immediately useful |
Conclusion
Both fundamental and applied research are essential for the progress of society. While fundamental research builds the base of knowledge, applied research uses that knowledge to create real-world impact. Together, they help us understand society better and improve the quality of life.