Introduction
Social stratification is a system by which society categorizes people into different layers or strata based on factors like class, caste, race, gender, or economic status. It reflects inequalities in society, where some groups enjoy more privileges, power, and opportunities than others. For social workers, understanding stratification is essential to address issues of inequality and promote social justice.
Definition of Social Stratification
Social stratification can be defined as the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups in a society based on unequal access to resources, opportunities, and rewards.
Forms of Social Stratification
- Caste System: Found in India, it assigns people to social groups based on birth.
- Class System: Based on wealth, income, education, and occupation.
- Race and Ethnicity: Division based on physical features or cultural identity.
- Gender Stratification: Inequality between men and women in roles, rights, and opportunities.
Characteristics of Social Stratification
- It is universal but varies across societies.
- It involves both privileges and disadvantages.
- It persists across generations but allows mobility in some systems.
- It affects access to education, jobs, healthcare, and status.
Relevance to Social Work
- Helps social workers identify marginalized groups.
- Guides interventions to promote equality and empowerment.
- Supports advocacy for policies to reduce social and economic inequalities.
Conclusion
Social stratification is an important concept in understanding how societies function and why inequalities exist. For social workers, recognizing the impact of stratification helps in addressing discrimination, promoting social justice, and working toward an inclusive society.