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What are the ten steps of the Four Component/ Instructional Design (4C/ID) model.

Introduction

The Four-Component Instructional Design (4C/ID) model is a well-known framework used to design instruction for complex learning. Developed by Jeroen J.G. van Merriënboer, it is widely used in vocational, professional, and higher education settings. The model focuses on real-life tasks and integrates learning, practice, and support materials.

The Ten Steps of the 4C/ID Model

The 4C/ID model is organized into four main components, each with specific steps. Here are the ten steps categorized under each component:

Component 1: Learning Tasks

  1. Design Authentic Learning Tasks: Create real-life tasks that learners will face in their future roles.
  2. Design Task Classes: Group tasks from simple to complex so learners gradually build their skills.
  3. Provide Demonstrations: Offer examples and demonstrations to show how tasks are performed.
  4. Support Learning with Feedback: Give timely and constructive feedback during practice.

Component 2: Supportive Information

  1. Provide Theoretical Background: Include relevant theories, principles, and models to help learners understand the tasks.
  2. Use Visuals and Diagrams: Help learners visualize complex processes through diagrams and flowcharts.

Component 3: Just-in-Time (JIT) Information

  1. Offer Procedural Guidance: Give instructions at the moment they are needed, especially for routine tasks.
  2. Make It Context-Specific: Tailor information to the specific situation or problem learners are working on.

Component 4: Part-Task Practice

  1. Design Repetitive Practice: Allow learners to practice critical elements of the task until they achieve automaticity.
  2. Ensure Skill Automation: Make sure key skills become automatic through drills and repeated exercises.

Conclusion

The 4C/ID model offers a practical and structured way to teach complex skills. By following these ten steps, educators can create effective learning experiences that combine real-world tasks, theoretical understanding, and hands-on practice. This model is especially useful in distance education, technical training, and online learning environments.

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