Write Short Note on Marasmus
Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that typically affects children under the age of five, especially in developing countries. It results from a prolonged deficiency in calorie intake, including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
Causes
- Chronic undernutrition due to poverty or food scarcity
- Repeated infections that increase nutrient requirements or reduce nutrient absorption
- Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation
Symptoms
- Extreme thinness and visible bones due to loss of fat and muscle mass
- Stunted growth and developmental delays
- Dry, wrinkled skin and sunken eyes
- Lethargy and irritability
- Weakened immune system leading to frequent infections
Diagnosis and Treatment
Marasmus is diagnosed through physical examination and anthropometric measurements such as low weight-for-age. Treatment involves gradual refeeding with energy-dense and protein-rich foods, managing infections, and ensuring hydration. Micronutrient supplementation is also essential.
Prevention
- Ensuring proper maternal nutrition
- Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months
- Supplementary feeding and immunizations
- Poverty alleviation and food security initiatives
Marasmus is preventable and treatable with timely medical and nutritional interventions, and improving public health infrastructure is key to its eradication.