Introduction
Cartesian dualism is a theory proposed by René Descartes that divides reality into two distinct substances: mind and body. It is one of the most influential ideas in Western philosophy regarding the nature of human beings.
Mind-Body Distinction
- Mind: A non-material, thinking substance responsible for consciousness, reasoning, and emotions.
- Body: A material substance governed by physical laws.
Key Ideas
- “I think, therefore I am” (Cogito ergo sum): The mind is the source of certainty and identity.
- Interaction Problem: Critics question how two different substances interact if they are entirely separate.
Conclusion
Cartesian dualism shaped modern discussions on consciousness, identity, and the soul. While widely debated, it remains a foundational theory in the philosophy of mind.