Introduction
Zoroastrianism, one of the oldest monotheistic religions, offers a unique cosmological view grounded in its metaphysical framework. It centers on the eternal struggle between good and evil forces, which directly shapes its idea of the universe and human purpose.
Basic Cosmological Structure
According to Zoroastrian metaphysics, the world is a battlefield between two opposing forces:
- Ahura Mazda: The supreme god of wisdom, light, and truth.
- Angra Mainyu (Ahriman): The spirit of darkness, evil, and deception.
The universe is created by Ahura Mazda to promote order (asha) and challenge the chaos (druj) brought by Ahriman.
Time and Dualism
Zoroastrian cosmology is dualistic and linear. The world moves from a perfect spiritual beginning, through a material phase of conflict, and ends in a final restoration (Frashokereti) where good triumphs and all creation is purified.
Critical Evaluation
Strengths:
- It gives moral clarity: the universe has a clear purpose and direction.
- It stresses ethical responsibility: humans must choose between good and evil.
- It offers a hopeful eschatology where justice prevails.
Limitations:
- The dualism challenges strict monotheism — if God is all-powerful, how can evil exist independently?
- The focus on cosmic conflict may downplay individual spiritual growth.
Conclusion
Zoroastrian cosmology combines metaphysics with morality. While it powerfully explains the presence of evil and inspires ethical living, its dualism raises questions about divine omnipotence and unity. Nonetheless, it remains a deeply influential and coherent worldview.