Discuss the Role of Liver as Metabolic Organ
The liver is one of the most vital organs in the human body and acts as a central hub for metabolic processes. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and performs detoxification, hormone metabolism, and bile production.
1. Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glycogenesis: Conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage.
- Glycogenolysis: Breakdown of glycogen into glucose when needed.
- Gluconeogenesis: Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and lactate.
2. Lipid Metabolism
- Synthesizes cholesterol and lipoproteins.
- Converts excess carbohydrates and proteins into fatty acids and triglycerides.
- Oxidizes fatty acids to produce energy (beta-oxidation).
3. Protein Metabolism
- Deaminates amino acids, producing urea for excretion.
- Synthesizes plasma proteins like albumin, fibrinogen, and clotting factors.
- Involved in the synthesis of non-essential amino acids.
4. Detoxification and Storage
- Detoxifies drugs, alcohol, and harmful substances.
- Stores vitamins A, D, B12, and minerals like iron and copper.
5. Hormonal and Immune Functions
- Metabolizes hormones like insulin, estrogen, and cortisol.
- Produces immune factors and removes bacteria via Kupffer cells.
In conclusion, the liver is a key metabolic organ essential for nutrient processing, energy balance, detoxification, and immune support.