Introduction
Mahatma Gandhi strongly opposed untouchability, a social evil that discriminated against people based on caste, especially those considered to be at the bottom of the hierarchy—commonly called “untouchables.” Gandhi’s views on untouchability were rooted in his firm belief in human equality, truth, and non-violence. He made it a lifelong mission to remove untouchability from Indian society. In this post, we’ll explore Gandhi’s thoughts and actions on this issue.
Understanding Untouchability
Untouchability is a form of caste-based discrimination in which certain groups, especially Dalits, were treated as impure and excluded from social, religious, and economic activities. They were denied access to temples, schools, wells, and even basic dignity.
Gandhi considered this practice to be morally and spiritually wrong. He called it a “blot on Hinduism.”
Gandhi’s Beliefs About Untouchability
Gandhi believed that:
- Every human being is equal in the eyes of God.
- Untouchability violates the core principles of truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa).
- All Hindus have a duty to remove this evil from society.
He said, “So long as untouchability exists, Hinduism cannot be said to be pure.”
Actions Taken by Gandhi
Gandhi not only spoke against untouchability but also took practical steps to fight it:
- Renaming Untouchables: He called them Harijans (Children of God) to restore their dignity.
- Temple Entry: He campaigned for the rights of Harijans to enter temples and other public spaces.
- Harijan Sevak Sangh: Gandhi founded this organization in 1932 to work for the social and economic upliftment of Harijans.
- Personal Example: He lived with Harijans, cleaned toilets, and encouraged others to do the same to break the stigma attached to manual labor.
The Poona Pact
One major event involving untouchability was the Poona Pact of 1932. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had demanded separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Gandhi opposed this move because he believed it would divide Hindu society. While fasting unto death, he eventually reached an agreement with Ambedkar that allowed reserved seats for Dalits but within a common Hindu electorate.
This pact remains controversial, but it showed Gandhi’s deep concern for social unity.
Criticism of Gandhi’s Approach
While Gandhi made significant efforts to end untouchability, he was criticized by some Dalit leaders, especially Dr. Ambedkar. They argued that Gandhi did not go far enough in addressing the root of caste discrimination and that his use of the term “Harijan” was patronizing.
Despite differences, both Gandhi and Ambedkar played key roles in the struggle against caste-based discrimination.
Relevance Today
Untouchability, though legally abolished in India, still exists in many forms — especially in rural areas. Discrimination in education, employment, and social settings continues. Gandhi’s message reminds us that:
- Dignity and equality must be guaranteed for all citizens.
- Social reforms must go hand-in-hand with legal changes.
- True progress includes the upliftment of the most marginalized.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Gandhi viewed untouchability as a great moral evil that had no place in any civilized society. Through speeches, writings, and personal conduct, he challenged this injustice and worked to create an India based on equality, love, and truth. Though challenges remain, his work laid the foundation for a more inclusive society, and his teachings continue to inspire the fight against caste discrimination today.