Introduction
Structural violence refers to systematic forms of harm and injustice embedded within social, political, and economic systems. This includes poverty, caste discrimination, gender inequality, and economic exploitation. Mahatma Gandhi was deeply aware of these injustices and aimed to prevent them through non-violent means, grassroots reforms, and moral awakening. His approach to preventing structural violence was rooted in compassion, equity, and social transformation.
Understanding Structural Violence
Unlike physical violence, structural violence is indirect. It results from unfair systems that deny people their basic rights and dignity. Examples include:
- Denial of education to marginalized communities
- Untouchability and caste-based segregation
- Economic systems that keep people in perpetual poverty
Gandhi’s Philosophy Against Structural Violence
Gandhi’s methods to counter structural violence included:
1. Non-violence (Ahimsa)
Gandhi saw violence not just in physical acts, but in systems that harmed people. Ahimsa meant active resistance against injustice without hatred. Through Ahimsa, individuals could challenge unjust laws and systems with dignity.
2. Trusteeship Model
Gandhi advocated that wealthy individuals act as trustees of their wealth for the benefit of the poor. This approach aimed at reducing economic inequality without forced redistribution.
3. Promotion of Village Economy
He emphasized self-sufficient village economies to reduce dependency, unemployment, and urban poverty — all of which are forms of structural violence. This included promotion of Khadi and rural industries.
4. Education Reform – Nai Talim
Gandhi’s model of basic education combined manual work with learning. It aimed to empower children from all backgrounds, including the poor, and reduce the social divide.
5. Eradication of Untouchability
Through his work for Harijan upliftment, Gandhi sought to end centuries of caste-based discrimination. He advocated temple entry for Dalits and equal treatment in public spaces and services.
6. Communal Harmony
Religious and communal hatred are forms of cultural structural violence. Gandhi worked tirelessly to build unity among Hindus, Muslims, and other communities.
7. Constructive Programme
His 18-point constructive programme focused on sanitation, health, women’s empowerment, and national integration to eliminate deep-rooted inequalities.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Gandhi’s methods for preventing structural violence were holistic and human-centered. Rather than rely on laws alone, he believed in moral education, economic justice, and community participation. His non-violent philosophy offers a powerful way to fight the silent suffering caused by unjust systems, making it highly relevant even in the modern world.