Introduction
Marginalisation of women in India refers to the systematic exclusion of women from full participation in social, economic, political, and cultural life. Despite constitutional guarantees and legal frameworks, women in India continue to face discrimination, unequal treatment, and limited access to opportunities. This marginalisation is deeply rooted in patriarchy, traditions, and social norms.
Areas of Marginalisation
1. Education
- Girls in rural and underprivileged areas often drop out due to poverty, early marriage, or lack of school facilities.
- Although female literacy rates have improved, there is still a significant gap compared to male literacy.
2. Employment
- Women are underrepresented in the formal workforce and overrepresented in unpaid or low-paid informal jobs.
- They face wage discrimination, limited promotions, and unsafe workplaces.
3. Political Participation
- Though women have voting rights and representation in Panchayats, their participation in Parliament and leadership roles remains low.
- Many female leaders act as proxies for male relatives.
4. Health and Nutrition
- Women face poor access to healthcare, especially in rural areas.
- Malnutrition, anemia, and maternal mortality are serious concerns.
5. Social and Cultural Practices
- Child marriage, dowry, domestic violence, and honor killings still exist in many parts of the country.
- Deep-rooted gender stereotypes limit women’s freedom and aspirations.
Government Initiatives
- Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao: Promotes girl child education and gender equality.
- Ujjwala Yojana: Provides LPG connections to women to reduce health hazards.
- POSHAN Abhiyaan: Aims to improve nutrition among women and children.
- Women’s Reservation Bill (pending): Proposes 33% reservation for women in Parliament and state assemblies.
Conclusion
Marginalisation of women in India remains a serious challenge. Empowering women requires not just legal reforms but also social change in attitudes and practices. Equality for women is not just a women’s issue—it is essential for national development and social justice.