Seasonal affective disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually during the fall and winter months when daylight is reduced. It is believed to be related to changes in sunlight exposure, which affect melatonin and serotonin levels in the brain, influencing mood and sleep.

Symptoms include persistent sadness, low energy, sleep disturbances, increased appetite (especially for carbohydrates), weight gain, and social withdrawal.

Treatment includes light therapy (exposure to bright artificial light), antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes like regular exercise and outdoor activities. Early recognition and management can help individuals lead a normal life during seasonal changes.