Write a Note on Bhava
Introduction
In Indian aesthetics, particularly within the Rasa theory, Bhava plays a critical role. Bhava refers to the emotions or mental states portrayed in a work of art or performance. It serves as the foundational element that leads to the realization of Rasa — the aesthetic experience. Bhavas are the emotional building blocks that the performer or writer employs to communicate specific feelings to the audience.
Types of Bhava
According to Bharata’s Natya Shastra, Bhavas are divided into three main types:
- Sthayi Bhava: These are stable, enduring emotional states like love, anger, sorrow, etc., which evolve into Rasa when aesthetically experienced.
- Vyabhichari Bhava: Also called transitory or ancillary feelings, these include emotions like doubt, shame, excitement, and support the main emotion without overshadowing it.
- Sattvika Bhava: These are involuntary physical responses to emotion, like trembling, sweating, or blushing, indicating the depth of feeling.
Function in Aesthetics
Bhava is not just a raw emotion; it is stylized and crafted to suit the artistic medium. In drama, for instance, Bhava is expressed through gestures, dialogue, facial expressions, and voice modulation. In poetry, it’s conveyed through language, imagery, and rhythm. The purpose is to lead the sensitive audience (sahrdaya) to a heightened emotional state where they experience Rasa.
Conclusion
Bhava is essential in transforming ordinary emotions into aesthetic experiences. It serves as the artistic expression that guides the audience towards rasa. Understanding Bhava helps appreciate the depth and structure behind the emotional richness of Indian classical art forms.