March 2025

Critically examine women’s employability in colonial India.

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Introduction The role and employability of women in colonial India was shaped by a complex interplay of traditional norms, colonial economic policies, and emerging socio-political movements. While some opportunities for employment emerged in sectors like textiles, domestic work, and teaching, the overall status of women’s employment remained marginal and highly gendered. This post critically examines […]

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What impact did bank nationalization have on the development of credit market, savings and investments?

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Introduction Bank nationalization in India was a landmark event in the economic history of the country. Initiated in two phases—first in 1969 and later in 1980—it aimed to bring the banking sector under state control to serve broader social and economic goals. Prior to nationalization, the banking system was dominated by private entities that catered

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Early Census

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Introduction The early census operations in India, initiated under British colonial rule, were significant for administrative and political purposes. The first synchronous census was conducted in 1881, although several regional attempts were made prior to that. The early census was not just a demographic exercise but also a tool for colonial governance and control. Pre-1881

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Economic Reforms in the 1990s

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Introduction The economic reforms introduced in India during the 1990s marked a turning point in the country’s development trajectory. Triggered by a severe balance of payments crisis, these reforms aimed at liberalizing the economy, reducing state control, and integrating with the global market. Often referred to as the LPG reforms—Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization—they fundamentally altered

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Bird Heiglers & Co.

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Introduction Bird Heiglers & Co. was one of the prominent European commercial enterprises operating in colonial India during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It played a vital role in the trade and industrial sectors, particularly in mining and jute, and serves as a classic example of how British capital and enterprise dominated Indian industries

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Globalisation

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Introduction Globalisation refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, cultures, and populations across the world through the exchange of goods, services, information, technology, and people. In the Indian context, globalisation gained momentum especially after the economic reforms of 1991, which opened the country to global markets and competition. Phases of Globalisation in India

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Rabindranath Tagore’s critique of nationalism

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Introduction Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel Laureate poet, philosopher, and cultural reformer, held a complex and critical view of nationalism. Unlike many of his contemporaries who embraced nationalism as a unifying force against colonial rule, Tagore saw it as potentially divisive and dehumanizing. He believed that nationalism, particularly in its aggressive or Western form, prioritized the

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M.N. Roy’s Radical Humanism

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Introduction M.N. Roy (Manabendra Nath Roy), a revolutionary, political theorist, and philosopher, made significant contributions to modern Indian political thought through his doctrine of Radical Humanism. Originally a Marxist and founder of the Communist Party of India, Roy later grew disillusioned with orthodox communism and developed a new ideological framework centered around individual freedom, rationality,

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Jawaharlal Nehru’s Scientific Humanism

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Introduction Jawaharlal Nehru’s concept of scientific humanism formed a central pillar of his worldview and governance strategy. As an architect of modern India, Nehru combined humanist values with a scientific approach to build a progressive, secular, and democratic nation. Scientific humanism, in Nehru’s thought, was about applying rationality, evidence-based reasoning, and technological progress to improve

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