Introduction Satyagraha, a term coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi, means “truth-force” or “soul-force.” It is one of the most powerful tools of non-violent resistance and conflict resolution in modern history. Gandhi used Satyagraha not only as a means to resist British colonial rule but also as a moral and practical method to address social, […]
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of individual autonomy is rooted in his broader philosophy of truth, non-violence, and self-realization. To Gandhi, true freedom meant more than political independence; it involved inner moral strength, self-discipline, and the ability to act in harmony with one’s conscience. His concept of individual autonomy is closely linked to self-rule or Swaraj,
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Introduction Fascism and racialism are two ideologies that have historically led to some of the darkest chapters in human history. While they are distinct concepts, there is a deep and dangerous connection between the two. Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology that promotes centralized control, nationalism, and suppression of dissent. Racialism, on the other hand,
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi was a strong critic of centralized power and authority. He believed that when power is concentrated in the hands of a few, it often leads to corruption, inefficiency, and injustice. Instead, Gandhi advocated for decentralization and the devolution of power to the grassroots level. In today’s world, marked by growing inequality and
Introduction Mahatma Gandhi believed that true independence for India could not be achieved through political freedom alone. According to him, economic equality was the “master key” to ensuring that independence was not only non-violent but also meaningful and sustainable. In Gandhi’s view, freedom without economic justice would be incomplete and would lead to continued suffering
Introduction One of the most profound contributions of Mahatma Gandhi to political and ethical thought is his emphasis on the relationship between ‘means’ and ‘ends’. Gandhi believed that the path one chooses to achieve a goal is just as important—if not more important—than the goal itself. In the context of conflict resolution, this principle becomes
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, had a very clear and strong critique of industrialization. He believed that the Western model of industrial growth was not suitable for India and would only lead to exploitation and moral degradation. His views on industrialization were deeply rooted in his philosophy of simplicity, self-reliance, non-violence,
Analyze Gandhi’s critique of the process of industrialization. Read More »
Short Notes – Section B: Question 10 (i–iv) i) Medieval Women as Property Holders In medieval India, the position of women as property holders was shaped by religious customs, regional practices, social status, and legal norms. While generally, women’s property rights were restricted, evidence suggests that women did own and manage property in certain contexts.
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Introduction The Mughal Empire, with its vast territorial expanse and complex administrative system, required a robust mechanism for the transmission of official information. The postal communication system, or the dak chowki system, was a vital administrative tool that ensured the flow of orders, intelligence, and reports across the empire. Though primarily developed for state purposes,
Discuss the basic feature of the organisation of postal communication in Mughal India. Read More »
Introduction During the medieval period in India, the economy witnessed increasing monetization, commercial expansion, and growth of long-distance trade. In this evolving economic environment, sarrafs—money changers, bankers, and financiers—played a central role. Sarrafs were not merely moneylenders or currency exchangers; they were vital intermediaries in the financial and commercial life of medieval India. Their services
Analyze the role and significance of Sarrafs during medieval period in India. Read More »
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