Introduction The Indo-Persian tradition of history-writing developed in India during the Delhi Sultanate and reached its peak during the Mughal period (16th to 18th century). This tradition combined Persian literary styles with Indian themes and political realities. Historians at the Mughal court wrote detailed accounts of the emperors, their administration, wars, and culture. In this […]
Introduction The Annales School is a famous and influential movement in the field of historiography. It started in France in the 20th century and revolutionized how history was studied and written. Unlike traditional historians who focused only on political events and great men, the Annales historians emphasized long-term social, economic, and cultural structures. This school
Introduction Traditional Chinese historiography refers to the method and style of recording history in ancient and imperial China. Unlike Western history-writing, which often focused on wars and heroes, Chinese historiography emphasized moral lessons, dynastic cycles, and the importance of ethical governance. It has a long and rich tradition, dating back over 2,000 years. In this
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Introduction Microhistory is a method of historical writing that focuses on a small unit of study, such as a single event, individual, community, or locality, to gain deeper insights into larger historical themes. It emerged in the 1970s in Europe as a reaction against traditional macro-level history that emphasized large structures and generalizations. Microhistory attempts
📘 Master Index: MHI-05 – History of Indian Economy Below is the complete list of all answered questions for the IGNOU assignment MHI-05 (2025–26). Click on each title to read the full answer. Discuss the major approaches to study the economy during colonial period in India. Draw a map of rainfall pattern in the Indian
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Introduction Chettiars and Marwaris were influential business communities in India during the colonial period. They played a major role in trade, finance, and investment across different parts of India and Southeast Asia. In this post, we discuss who they were, their economic roles, and their contributions to Indian business history. Who Were the Chettiars? The
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Introduction During the colonial period in India, new systems of land rights were introduced by the British. These changes affected land ownership, cultivation patterns, and rural society. In this post, we explore the main types of land rights that emerged, including Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems, and their effects on Indian peasants. Why New Land
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Introduction Commercialisation refers to the process where the economy becomes more focused on trade and markets rather than self-sufficiency. In modern India, this process grew rapidly during the British colonial period. Spatial patterns of modern commercialisation refer to how trade, markets, and production were distributed across different regions. In this post, we explore these patterns
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Introduction Banias and Sarrafs were important financial and commercial communities in pre-colonial and colonial India. They played a significant role in money lending, trade, and banking activities. While Banias were mainly involved in wholesale and retail trade, Sarrafs specialized in money-changing and banking functions. In this post, we will explain their roles and significance in
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Introduction Deindustrialization refers to the decline of traditional industries and handicrafts in India during British colonial rule. Before British arrival, India had a strong industrial base, including textile production, metalwork, and artisan crafts. However, colonial policies led to the gradual destruction of these industries, resulting in widespread unemployment and poverty. In this post, we will
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