Introduction The Cold War was a long period of political tension and rivalry between the United States (USA) and the Soviet Union (USSR) after World War II. It lasted from around 1947 to 1991. Although there was no direct war between the two superpowers, they fought through threats, propaganda, arms race, and support for different […]
Introduction Decolonization refers to the process through which colonies gained independence from colonial powers. This mainly happened during the 20th century, especially after World War II. Countries in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East became free from European rule. However, decolonization was not just about gaining political independence; it also involved cultural, economic,
What does decolonization mean? Discuss various approaches to understand it. Read More »
Humanism Humanism was an intellectual and cultural movement that began during the Renaissance in Europe, around the 14th century. It focused on human values, potential, and achievements rather than religious or divine matters. Humanists believed in studying subjects like literature, history, philosophy, and art to understand human life better. This study was known as the
Introduction Nationalism is a political and social idea that promotes the interests of a particular nation. It emphasizes the shared identity, culture, language, and history of a group of people. Nationalism encourages people to be proud of their country and to work towards its independence, unity, and development. Over time, nationalism has gone through different
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Introduction A welfare state is a government system that provides support to its citizens in areas such as health, education, housing, and employment. It ensures that people have access to basic needs and services, especially during times of illness, unemployment, or old age. In the 19th and 20th centuries, many countries, including Japan, introduced welfare
Introduction The Enlightenment was a major intellectual movement in 17th and 18th century Europe. It emphasized reason, science, and progress. While it brought many positive changes, some philosophers and thinkers later criticized its ideas. In this article, we will explore how Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse, and the Frankfurt School criticized the Enlightenment. These
IGNOU MHI-01: Ancient and Medieval SocietiesAssignment 2025-26 – Answer Index Below is the complete list of questions from the IGNOU MHI-01 Tutor Marked Assignment for the academic session 2025-26, along with links to detailed answers. Click on each question to read the full answer. What was the importance of the horse in the pastoral nomadic
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Introduction In medieval Europe, the succession system was very important because it decided who would inherit the throne, land, or titles after a ruler or nobleman died. This system helped keep order but also caused many conflicts and wars when people disagreed about who should be the next ruler. In this article, we will explain
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Introduction Agriculture has always been the backbone of human civilization. Over time, different regions developed new tools, methods, and systems to improve farming. In medieval times, Europe, China, and the Arab world all experienced major agricultural changes, but these changes were not the same everywhere. In this article, we will compare how agriculture changed in
Compare the changes in agriculture in Europe with those in China and Arabs. Read More »
Introduction The production of woolen cloth has been an important part of human history for centuries. It was a major industry in medieval Europe and played a key role in trade and economy. Wool comes from the fleece of animals like sheep and is turned into warm, soft fabric through several steps. In this article,
Describe the various processes adopted for the production of woolen cloth. Read More »
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