September 2025

Distinguish between project and programme. Explain different project appraisal techniques?

Leave a Comment / Monitoring and Evaluation of Projects and Programmes /

Introduction Projects and programmes are fundamental tools used in planning and implementing development activities. Although they share some similarities, they are distinct in terms of scope, duration, complexity, and objectives. Additionally, project appraisal techniques are essential for evaluating the viability of any proposed project before it is undertaken. Let’s explore the differences between a project […]

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Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development – MEDS-043 – Answer Index

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Assignment Answer Index – MEDS-043 This post contains links to all answers for the IGNOU assignment: Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development (MEDS-043). Each answer has been written in simple, easy-to-understand language suitable for undergraduate and diploma-level learners. Discuss scope and significance of public administration. What are various challenges of public administration in urban development?

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Describe the urban development policy perspectives of China and Brazil.

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Urban development policy is an essential part of managing growing cities. Countries like China and Brazil, both large and rapidly urbanizing nations, have implemented unique urban policies shaped by their political, economic, and social contexts. By understanding their strategies, other developing countries can learn useful lessons to handle urbanization challenges. Urban Development in China

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Discuss disaster management strategy in the mountain and riverine regions.

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Disaster management is a crucial part of urban and regional planning, especially in vulnerable areas like mountain and riverine regions. These areas are often exposed to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, and cloudbursts. An effective disaster management strategy helps in reducing loss of life, property, and environmental damage. Disaster Risks in Mountain

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Explain various sources of municipal revenue and expenditure.

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Municipalities are local government bodies responsible for providing basic services such as water supply, sanitation, waste management, roads, and street lighting in urban areas. To perform these functions efficiently, they require funds. Understanding the sources of revenue and the areas of expenditure for municipal bodies is essential for effective urban planning and governance. Sources

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Explain the rent control reform at various levels.

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Rent control reforms are a significant aspect of urban planning and development. These reforms aim to balance the interests of landlords and tenants by regulating rental prices and tenancy agreements. In India and many other countries, rent control laws were introduced after World War II to protect tenants from eviction and high rents. However,

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Discuss scope and significance of public administration. What are various challenges of public administration in urban development?

Leave a Comment / Dynamics of Urban Planning and Development /

Introduction Public administration is a vital function of the government that involves implementing policies, managing public programs, and ensuring that services reach the people. It plays a key role in maintaining order, delivering services, and ensuring development at all levels. In the context of urban development, public administration becomes even more significant as cities grow

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Discus the need for pre test and post test counselling with HIV/AIDS testing patients

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Introduction HIV/AIDS is not just a medical condition but also a psychological and social challenge. People undergoing HIV testing often experience anxiety, fear, and confusion. Pre-test and post-test counselling play a crucial role in providing emotional support, accurate information, and guidance to help individuals make informed decisions and cope with their results. Need for Pre-Test

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MSW-016 Assignment Answers – Fields of Counselling

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Master List of All Answered Questions – MSW-016 Below is the full list of answers for the IGNOU course MSW-016: Fields of Counselling, including links to each post. These responses are written in simple, easy-to-understand language and follow IGNOU word count guidelines. Section 1 Discuss the assessment and management of suicide behaviour Highlight the salient

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Career Developer

Leave a Comment / Fields of Counselling /

Career Developer A Career Developer is a professional who helps individuals plan and manage their career paths. They assess the client’s interests, strengths, values, and skills to suggest suitable career options. Career developers provide guidance on education, job searching, resume writing, and interview skills. They also help clients adjust to career changes and deal with

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