A vulnerable child is one who is at higher risk of harm due to various conditions like poverty, disability, abuse, neglect, or lack of parental care. These children may not have access to basic needs like food, safety, or education. They need special protection and support to grow safely and healthily.
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Planning a group in the counseling process involves careful steps to ensure a supportive and effective experience. Key components include: Goal Setting: Define the purpose of the group (e.g., anxiety support). Member Selection: Choose members with similar needs. Structure: Decide group size, session frequency, and rules. Facilitator Role: Guide discussions and maintain safety. Confidentiality: Ensure
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Aversion therapy is a type of behavior therapy used to reduce or stop harmful habits by pairing them with something unpleasant. For example, a person who smokes might be given a bad-tasting substance while smoking. Over time, the brain connects the behavior with discomfort, reducing the desire to continue. This technique is commonly used to
The ABC Model is a key concept in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). It explains how our thoughts affect our feelings and actions. ABC stands for: A – Activating Event: Something that happens (e.g., failing an exam). B – Beliefs: How we think about the event (e.g., “I’m a failure”). C – Consequences: The emotions and
The stages of counselling help guide the process of therapy between a counselor and a client. The main stages are: Rapport Building: Establish trust and safety. Assessment: Understand the client’s issues. Goal Setting: Define what the client wants to achieve. Intervention: Apply techniques to help the client. Evaluation: Check progress and make adjustments. Termination: End
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Ego defense mechanisms are automatic, unconscious mental processes used by the mind to reduce stress, anxiety, or internal conflict. They help protect a person’s self-image and reduce emotional pain. Common examples include: Denial: Refusing to accept reality Repression: Hiding painful memories Projection: Attributing your feelings to others Displacement: Shifting emotions to a safer target These
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Beneficence refers to actions that promote the well-being of others. In counseling, it means doing what is in the best interest of the client, helping them heal, grow, and improve their mental health. Non-maleficence means “do no harm.” It is the ethical obligation of the counselor to avoid any treatment, behavior, or intervention that could
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Introduction Addictive behavior refers to actions that a person continues to do even when it causes harm to themselves or others. Addiction can involve substances like alcohol, drugs, or tobacco, as well as behaviors like gambling, internet use, shopping, or eating. Anxiety, on the other hand, is a mental condition where a person feels worried,
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Introduction Behavior therapy is a type of psychological treatment that helps people change unhealthy or unwanted behaviors. It is based on the idea that all behavior is learned and can be changed through specific techniques. One important part of behavior therapy is operant conditioning, a method that uses rewards and punishments to shape behavior. This
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Introduction Drama therapy is a type of creative therapy that uses drama and theater techniques to help individuals express their feelings, solve problems, and improve their mental health. It is especially helpful for people who find it hard to talk about their emotions. Drama therapy creates a safe space where individuals can act out their
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