September 2025

Describe the view of human nature, role of counselor and counseling techniques used in Adlerian approach to counseling.

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Introduction The Adlerian approach to counseling was developed by Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychologist. He believed that every person is unique, social, and capable of change. His approach to counseling focuses on understanding the individual in their social context and helping them live a meaningful life. Adlerian counseling helps clients understand their goals, improve self-esteem, […]

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Explain reality therapy highlighting its goals and technique.

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Introduction Reality Therapy is a form of counseling developed by Dr. William Glasser. It focuses on helping people make better choices to meet their needs in responsible and effective ways. Reality therapy is based on Choice Theory, which says that we have control over our behavior and we can choose to change it. This approach

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Describe the basic assumptions, process of counseling and techniques used in person centered therapy.

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Introduction Person-Centered Therapy (also known as Client-Centered Therapy) was developed by Carl Rogers. This approach to counseling is based on the belief that every individual has the ability to grow and solve their own problems in the right environment. The counselor does not give advice or direct the client but provides support, understanding, and acceptance

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MPCE-013: Psychotherapeutic Methods – Solved Assignment 2024-25 (All Questions)

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MPCE-013: Psychotherapeutic Methods – Complete Solved Assignment (2024-25) Below is the complete list of all solved questions for IGNOU’s MPCE-013 Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) for the academic year 2024–25. Each question has been answered in IGNOU-approved format and published separately. Click the links to view each solution. SECTION A Explain solution focused therapy in detail

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Psychotherapy in dementia

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Psychotherapy in Dementia Psychotherapy in dementia focuses on improving quality of life, managing emotions, and maintaining cognitive and social functioning. Approaches like cognitive stimulation, validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, and supportive counseling are commonly used. Therapy is adapted to the individual’s cognitive level and aims to reduce anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues.

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Empathy

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Empathy Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. It involves both emotional and cognitive components—feeling what others feel and understanding their perspective. In psychotherapy, empathy helps build trust and connection, allowing clients to feel heard, validated, and supported during their healing journey.

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Token economies

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Token Economies Token economies are behavioral reinforcement systems where individuals earn tokens for displaying desired behaviors. These tokens can later be exchanged for rewards. Commonly used in schools, psychiatric settings, and rehabilitation centers, token economies help shape behavior by providing immediate and tangible reinforcement, promoting motivation and consistency in learning.

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