September 2025

Explain the structural and topographical models of personality by Freud.

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Introduction Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, developed two key models to explain the structure and functioning of the human mind: the structural model and the topographical model of personality. These models form the foundation of psychodynamic theory and describe how different parts of the mind interact and influence behavior, emotions, and thoughts. Freud’s Topographical […]

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Explain Roger’s client centered therapy.

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Introduction Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy, also known as Person-Centered Therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s. It is a humanistic approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes the individual’s capacity for self-understanding and self-healing. Rather than focusing on diagnosing or fixing the client, the therapist provides a supportive environment that facilitates personal growth and self-discovery. Core

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Describe the steps in cognitive behavior therapy. Explain the cognitive and behavioural techniques used in it.

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Introduction Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a widely used, evidence-based psychotherapeutic method developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. It is based on the premise that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected, and that changing unhelpful thoughts can lead to changes in emotions and behaviors. CBT is structured, goal-oriented, and short-term, and is

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Explain solution focused therapy in detail including the interventions used in it.

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Introduction Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT), also known as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), is a goal-directed and collaborative approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes solutions rather than problems. Developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in the 1980s, this therapy focuses on a client’s strengths and resources to build solutions instead of dwelling on past issues.

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MPCE-012: Psychodiagnostics – Master Post with All Assignment Answers (2024-25)

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MPCE-012: Psychodiagnostics – IGNOU Assignment Answers (2024-25) This post contains links to all the solved answers for the IGNOU course MPCE-012: Psychodiagnostics. Each answer has been written in easy-to-understand language and follows IGNOU’s guidelines for the 2024-25 session. Section A – 1000 Words Each Explain the concept of psychodiagnostics. Discuss the data sources for psychological

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Tell-Me-A-Story Test

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Tell-Me-A-Story Test The Tell-Me-A-Story (TEMAS) Test is a projective technique developed to assess personality, emotional functioning, and social development in children and adolescents. It presents culturally relevant pictures and asks the child to create a story. It helps uncover unconscious thoughts, conflicts, and coping styles, and is widely used in clinical child assessment.

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Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

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Edwards Personal Preference Schedule The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) is a self-report inventory designed to assess 15 personality needs based on Murray’s theory. It measures needs like achievement, affiliation, autonomy, and dominance. The test uses forced-choice pairs to reduce social desirability bias. It is commonly used in counseling, career guidance, and personality assessment.

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Uses of Neuropsychological Assessment

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Uses of Neuropsychological Assessment Neuropsychological assessment is used to evaluate brain-behavior relationships and cognitive functioning. It helps diagnose brain injuries, dementia, learning disabilities, ADHD, and neurological disorders. These assessments guide treatment planning, rehabilitation, educational accommodations, and legal decisions. They are also used in tracking cognitive changes over time and assessing the effects of interventions.

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Reliability and validity of Rorschach Scores

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Reliability and Validity of Rorschach Scores The Rorschach Inkblot Test’s reliability and validity have been widely debated. Modern scoring systems like the Exner Comprehensive System have improved its reliability through standardized procedures. While inter-rater reliability is moderate to high, validity depends on proper interpretation. It shows good utility in assessing personality structure and thought disorders.

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