September 2025 - Page 208 of 316

Elaborate upon the evolution of peasant movements in India.

Introduction Peasant movements in India have played a significant role in shaping the country’s socio-economic and political landscape. These movements, driven by agrarian distress, land rights, and exploitation, have emerged as powerful expressions of rural resistance. Their evolution reflects India’s colonial legacy, post-independence land reforms, and contemporary challenges in the agricultural sector. From sporadic uprisings […]

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Elaborate on the Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalization (LPG) policies.

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Introduction The Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG) reforms introduced in India in 1991 marked a major shift in the country’s economic policy. Faced with a balance of payments crisis, the government adopted these reforms under the guidance of international institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. These policies transformed India from a

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Analyse the functioning of the federal system in India.

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Introduction Federalism is a system of governance where powers are divided between the central government and various regional governments. In the Indian context, federalism is enshrined in the Constitution, with a unique blend of unitary and federal features. The functioning of the Indian federal system has evolved over the years, reflecting the complexities of governance

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Explain the concept of development and its relationship with democracy.

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Introduction Development and democracy are two essential pillars in modern political discourse. Both concepts are deeply interlinked and often influence each other. Development is generally understood as a process of improving the quality of life, economic prosperity, social well-being, and political empowerment. Democracy, on the other hand, is a political system that ensures participation, representation,

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MSO-002: Complete Solved Assignment Answers (2024–25)

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MSO-002: Research Methodologies and Methods – Complete Solved Assignment (2024–25) This post contains all solved answers for IGNOU’s MSO-002 assignment, including both Section A (theoretical questions) and Section B (research reports). All responses are written in easy-to-understand language, aligned with IGNOU guidelines. Section A – Answer Any Two (All Answered) What is phenomenology? Explain with

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Relevance of open and distance learning as a means of empowerment of the socially excluded and marginalized people in India.

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Introduction Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has emerged as a revolutionary mode of education, breaking the barriers of geography, class, gender, and disability. In a country as diverse and unequal as India, traditional education systems have often failed to accommodate the needs of marginalized groups—such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), women, rural poor,

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Impact of transnational migration on Indian Society.

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Introduction Transnational migration refers to the movement of people across national borders while maintaining active connections—social, economic, and cultural—with their countries of origin. India, being one of the largest sources of emigrants globally, has a long history of transnational migration. Over the years, millions of Indians have migrated to countries in the Gulf, Europe, North

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Relevance of caste in contemporary politics.

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Introduction Caste has long been a defining feature of Indian society and politics. Although the Indian Constitution outlawed caste-based discrimination and attempted to create a more egalitarian society, caste continues to play a crucial role in political mobilization, representation, and policy-making in contemporary India. From elections and party strategies to welfare schemes and social justice

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Critically examine the nature and scope of feminist method in social science research.

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Introduction The feminist method in social science research emerged as a response to the male-dominated perspectives and biases of traditional methodologies. Feminist scholars criticized mainstream research for ignoring women’s experiences and for using methods that reinforced gender inequality. The feminist method not only aims to study women but also challenges the assumptions, structures, and power

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Discuss the participatory approach to social research. Compare and contrast it with conventional research methodologies.

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Introduction The participatory approach to social research is a method that emphasizes the active involvement of the community or participants in the entire research process—from identifying the problem to collecting data, analyzing results, and implementing changes. It aims to democratize knowledge production by treating participants not merely as subjects but as co-researchers. This method stands

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