Introduction In the age of digital transformation, education has evolved significantly with the emergence of e-learning. E-learning refers to the use of electronic media, technologies, and the internet to facilitate learning and teaching. It breaks traditional barriers of time, location, and access, enabling learners to access knowledge and skills from anywhere in the world. This […]
Introduction Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a transformative tool for achieving social development goals, including gender equality and rural development. Women empowerment is one of the key areas where ICT has shown significant potential. By providing access to information, education, financial services, and platforms for expression, ICT can uplift women socially and
Introduction Digital transformation is reshaping public organizations by changing the way they function, deliver services, and engage with citizens. However, successful digital transformation is not only about adopting new technology; it also involves changes in the administrative culture and practices. Certain managerial tips and strategies can help public organizations effectively navigate this transformation. This answer
Introduction The E-Panchayat Project in Andhra Pradesh is one of the landmark initiatives aimed at transforming rural governance through the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). As part of the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), the E-Panchayat Project strives to bring transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in local self-governance. This project ensures that Panchayati Raj
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Introduction Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a critical role in enhancing the quality and accessibility of public services in today’s governance systems. It refers to a wide range of digital tools and systems such as computers, internet, mobile technology, cloud computing, and data analytics that help public organizations serve the people efficiently and transparently.
Introduction E-governance, or electronic governance, refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in delivering government services to citizens, businesses, and other arms of the government. It aims to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accessibility in government operations. In India, e-governance plays a crucial role in ensuring democratic participation and simplifying administrative processes. This
Introduction This post provides the complete set of answers for the IGNOU MPA-016: Decentralisation and Local Governance assignment for the July 2024 and January 2025 sessions. Each answer is written in easy-to-understand language, ideal for students preparing handwritten submissions. Section I Answers Discuss the impact of decentralised development. Explain the concept of empowerment and highlight
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a) Modalities for People’s Participation People’s participation in local governance is a cornerstone of democratic decentralisation. It ensures that citizens are involved in planning, implementing, and monitoring development activities. Modalities for such participation include: 1. Gram Sabhas and Ward Committees These are forums where citizens discuss local issues, approve plans, and hold elected representatives accountable.
Introduction Local government refers to the third tier of governance in India, operating at the grassroots level. It plays a vital role in decentralised administration and bringing governance closer to the people. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts have institutionalised rural and urban local bodies respectively, defining their structure, powers, and functions. This framework
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Introduction The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, was a landmark reform aimed at strengthening urban local governance in India. It provided constitutional status to municipalities and laid the foundation for democratic decentralisation in urban areas. The Act recognized municipalities as the third tier of government and empowered them to function as effective institutions of local
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