September 2025

Name the hormone associated with the following diseases. What are their symptoms? (i) Acromegaly (ii) Hashimoto disease (iii) Goitre (iv) Osteoporosis

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Introduction Hormonal imbalances are often the root cause of several chronic diseases. In this article, we will discuss four conditions—acromegaly, Hashimoto’s disease, goitre, and osteoporosis—and the hormones associated with each, along with their symptoms. Understanding these links helps in early diagnosis and effective treatment. (i) Acromegaly Associated Hormone: Growth Hormone (GH) Cause: Overproduction of growth […]

Name the hormone associated with the following diseases. What are their symptoms? (i) Acromegaly (ii) Hashimoto disease (iii) Goitre (iv) Osteoporosis Read More »

Transport and metabolism of hormones; Name three hormones secreted by hypothalamus. Explain the structure and functions of any one of these.

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Part A: Transport and Metabolism of Hormones 1. Hormone Transport Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and then transported to target organs through the bloodstream. Based on their solubility, hormones are transported in two main ways: Water-Soluble Hormones (e.g., insulin, adrenaline): Travel freely in the blood and act on receptors on the cell surface. Lipid-Soluble

Transport and metabolism of hormones; Name three hormones secreted by hypothalamus. Explain the structure and functions of any one of these. Read More »

Name the endocrine gland, target organs and functions of the following hormones in brief: (a) Glucocorticoids (b) Insulin (c) Gastrin (d) Androgens (e) Growth hormone

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Introduction Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that regulate various physiological activities in the body. Each hormone targets specific organs and tissues to perform essential functions. In this post, we will briefly discuss five important hormones: glucocorticoids, insulin, gastrin, androgens, and growth hormone. (a) Glucocorticoids Endocrine Gland: Adrenal Cortex Target Organs: Liver, muscle,

Name the endocrine gland, target organs and functions of the following hormones in brief: (a) Glucocorticoids (b) Insulin (c) Gastrin (d) Androgens (e) Growth hormone Read More »

BBCCT-117 Assignment Master Index – Gene Organisation, Replication and Repair (2025)

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BBCCT-117 Assignment Master Index – 2025 Welcome to the master index of solved assignment questions for the IGNOU course BBCCT-117 – Gene Organisation, Replication and Repair for the 2025 academic session. Each question has been answered in simple language suitable for students of all levels. Click on each question to view the full answer post.

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What is RNA editing?

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Introduction RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that alters the nucleotide sequence of RNA after it has been transcribed from DNA but before it is translated into protein. This means that the final RNA sequence may differ from the original DNA template. RNA editing helps cells create protein diversity and regulate gene expression. Definition of

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Differentiate between transposons and retrotransposons.

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Introduction Transposons and retrotransposons are types of genetic elements often called “jumping genes.” These DNA sequences can move from one location to another within the genome. They play a role in genome evolution, mutation, and gene regulation. Though both are mobile, they differ in their structure and mechanism of movement. Definition Transposons (also called DNA

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What are different types of recombination?

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Introduction Genetic recombination is a natural process by which DNA sequences are rearranged to produce new combinations of genes. This process increases genetic diversity and plays an important role in evolution, DNA repair, and cellular processes like meiosis. There are several types of recombination, each with its own mechanisms and importance. Main Types of Recombination

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