2025

Types of constructs

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Types of Constructs Constructs are abstract concepts used in research to explain behavior or phenomena. They are measured indirectly through indicators. Types of constructs include: Unidimensional: Represent a single trait (e.g., self-esteem) Multidimensional: Comprise multiple related components (e.g., intelligence, which includes verbal and spatial abilities) Concrete: Observable and measurable behaviors (e.g., hours studied) Abstract: Intangible […]

Types of constructs Read More »

Strengths and weaknesses of Field experiment

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Strengths and Weaknesses of Field Experiment Strengths: High ecological validity due to natural setting Behavior observed in real-world context Participants may be unaware, reducing demand characteristics Weaknesses: Less control over extraneous variables Ethical issues may arise (e.g., lack of informed consent) Difficult to replicate and measure precise effects

Strengths and weaknesses of Field experiment Read More »

Discourse analysis

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Discourse Analysis Discourse analysis is a qualitative research method used to study language use in texts, conversations, or social interactions. It examines how language constructs meaning, power relations, identity, and social norms. Researchers analyze patterns, metaphors, structures, and context to interpret how communication shapes and reflects social reality.

Discourse analysis Read More »

Steps of evaluating data in qualitative research

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Steps of Evaluating Data in Qualitative Research Evaluating data in qualitative research involves a systematic and interpretive process. The key steps include: Data Organization: Transcribe interviews, group notes, and compile field observations. Coding: Identify key themes or patterns in the data through open, axial, or selective coding. Theme Development: Group codes into meaningful categories or

Steps of evaluating data in qualitative research Read More »

Explain the different types of variables

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Introduction Variables are central to any research study as they represent the characteristics or attributes that researchers measure, manipulate, or observe. Understanding different types of variables is essential for designing a study, analyzing data, and interpreting results. Variables differ based on their roles in the research process, level of measurement, and their relationship with other

Explain the different types of variables Read More »

Describe the various instruments used in collecting data through Survey research

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Introduction Survey research is a widely used method for collecting data in social sciences, particularly psychology. It involves asking individuals questions to obtain self-reported data on attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, or demographics. To ensure reliability and validity, researchers use specific instruments for data collection. Each instrument is chosen based on the research objectives, the population, and

Describe the various instruments used in collecting data through Survey research Read More »

Discuss the various threats to internal and external validity

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Introduction Validity refers to the degree to which a research study accurately reflects or assesses the concept it aims to measure. In research design, two critical forms of validity are internal validity and external validity. Internal validity refers to the credibility of the causal relationship between variables within the study, while external validity concerns the

Discuss the various threats to internal and external validity Read More »

Discuss the different types of Quasi experimental research design

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Introduction Quasi-experimental research designs are used when true experimental designs are not feasible due to ethical, practical, or logistical constraints. Unlike true experiments, quasi-experiments lack random assignment of participants to groups. However, they still involve manipulation of an independent variable and comparison of outcomes, making them valuable for studying cause-and-effect relationships in real-world settings. Types

Discuss the different types of Quasi experimental research design Read More »

Describe the criteria and misconceptions of case studies

Leave a Comment / MPC-005 /

Introduction A case study is a qualitative research method that involves an in-depth, contextual analysis of a single event, individual, group, or organization. It is commonly used in psychology, social sciences, education, and health studies. Case studies are particularly valuable when exploring complex phenomena within real-life contexts. However, despite their value, case studies are often

Describe the criteria and misconceptions of case studies Read More »

Disabled !