Introduction Historical materialism is a theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain how societies develop and change over time. It is based on the idea that material conditions, especially economic production, shape social structures, politics, and ideas. In simple terms, it means that history is driven not by ideals or morality but […]
Historical Materialism Read More »
Introduction Libertarianism is a political philosophy that emphasizes maximum individual freedom and minimal government intervention. It argues that people should be free to make their own choices as long as they do not harm others. Libertarians believe in protecting personal liberty, private property, and free markets while limiting the role of the state. In this
Introduction The concept of the welfare state is central to modern political theory and governance. A welfare state is one where the government takes responsibility for ensuring the well-being of its citizens by providing social and economic support. Unlike minimal states that focus only on law and order, welfare states actively work to reduce inequality,
Introduction Classical liberalism is a political and economic philosophy that emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. It emphasizes individual freedom, limited government, free markets, and the protection of natural rights. Thinkers like John Locke, Adam Smith, and John Stuart Mill shaped this ideology, which became the foundation of modern democracy and capitalism.
Classical liberalism Read More »
Introduction Sovereignty is one of the most important concepts in political theory. It refers to the supreme power or authority of the state to govern itself and its people. The idea of sovereignty explains who has the final say in making laws and policies within a territory. In this answer, we will explain the meaning,
Introduction Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870–1924), the leader of the Russian Revolution, developed the concept of the political party as the vanguard of the proletariat. He believed that the working class (proletariat) needed strong, organized leadership to overthrow capitalism and establish socialism. Lenin’s theory of the vanguard party became a central idea in Marxist-Leninist thought and
Party as Vanguard of the Proletariat (V. I. Lenin) Read More »
Introduction Citizenship is the legal and political status that defines the relationship between an individual and the state. It gives people rights, responsibilities, and a sense of belonging to a political community. Citizenship has evolved over time, and scholars have identified different forms of citizenship based on rights and participation. In this answer, we will
Forms of citizenship Read More »
Introduction In political theory and ethics, the concept of duty is as important as the concept of rights. While rights represent the claims individuals can make, duties represent the responsibilities individuals owe to others and society. The significance of duty lies in maintaining social order, promoting harmony, and ensuring that individual freedom does not harm
Significance of duty Read More »
Introduction John Rawls (1921–2002) was a famous political philosopher best known for his theory of justice. In his book A Theory of Justice (1971), he presented a detailed critique of utilitarianism, which had been one of the dominant moral and political theories. Utilitarianism is based on the idea of maximizing happiness or the greatest good
John Rawl’s critique of Utilitarianism Read More »
Introduction Equality is one of the most fundamental principles of political theory and democracy. It means that every individual should be treated with fairness, dignity, and without discrimination. However, equality has not been easily achieved; it has been the result of long struggles in different parts of the world. People have fought against slavery, caste
Trace the struggle for equality. Read More »
Disabled !
