2025

(i) Gandhi’s Views on Liquor Taxation Introduction Mahatma Gandhi was a strong opponent of alcohol consumption, considering it a social evil that led to poverty, crime, and moral degradation. His views on liquor taxation were linked to his broader philosophy of prohibition and social upliftment. He believed that the government should not profit from alcohol […]

Introduction The Civil Rights Movement in the United States (1950s–1960s) was a historic struggle for racial equality, justice, and desegregation led primarily by African Americans. The movement aimed to end racial discrimination, secure voting rights, and promote equal opportunities in education, employment, and public services. While the Democratic and Republican parties have evolved in their

(i) Gandhi as a Champion of Environmental Causes Introduction Mahatma Gandhi is widely recognized as a pioneer of environmental consciousness, even though he lived in an era before modern environmental activism. His principles of Swaraj (self-rule), Ahimsa (nonviolence), Sarvodaya (welfare for all), and simplicity align with today’s sustainability movements and ecological conservation efforts. A. Gandhi’s

Introduction Greenpeace is one of the most influential environmental organizations in the world, dedicated to promoting peaceful activism, environmental protection, and sustainability. Founded in 1971 in Canada, it has been at the forefront of climate action, biodiversity conservation, and anti-nuclear movements globally. In Europe, Greenpeace has played a significant role in opposing nuclear power, preventing

(i) Chipko Movement Introduction The Chipko Movement was a nonviolent environmental movement in India that aimed to protect forests from deforestation and commercial exploitation. It was led primarily by rural villagers, especially women, who used nonviolent resistance (Satyagraha) by hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down. A. Background of the Chipko Movement B.

Introduction Dams are constructed for hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, flood control, and water storage. While they provide economic and social benefits, their environmental impact is significant. Large dam projects often alter ecosystems, disrupt natural water flow, impact biodiversity, and displace communities. This essay examines how dam construction disrupts the ecological balance, with global and Indian

(i) National Water Awareness Campaign Introduction The National Water Awareness Campaign is a movement aimed at promoting water conservation, sustainable water management, and public awareness about the importance of water resources. Given the increasing water scarcity, pollution, and mismanagement of water resources in India and globally, such campaigns play a crucial role in ensuring water

Introduction Non-violent movements have played a crucial role in shaping political, social, and economic changes throughout history. These movements rely on peaceful resistance, civil disobedience, and non-cooperation to challenge injustice and demand reforms. Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence (Ahimsa and Satyagraha), non-violent movements have influenced civil rights struggles, anti-colonial movements, environmental activism, and

Introduction The Prohibition Movement refers to social and political efforts to ban the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol. This movement has been driven by concerns over health, morality, crime, and social welfare. Across the world, prohibition has been implemented in various countries at different times, with varying levels of success and failure. In India,