2025

Write a note on the feminist historiography in India.

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Introduction Feminist historiography in India represents a critical intervention in traditional historical writing. It seeks to uncover, document, and analyze the roles, experiences, and agency of women throughout Indian history. This approach emerged as a response to the marginalization and invisibility of women in mainstream nationalist and colonial historiographies. Feminist historians aim to reconstruct history […]

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What do you understand by the term ‘History from Below’? Discuss with particular reference to Indian historiography.

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Introduction “History from Below” is a historiographical approach that emphasizes the experiences, struggles, and perspectives of ordinary people rather than elites, rulers, or prominent figures. This method aims to democratize historical writing by recovering the voices of those often excluded from mainstream narratives—peasants, workers, women, and marginalized communities. Originating in Europe, particularly with the British

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Compare the colonial historiography in India with the nationalist historiography.

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Introduction Historiography in India has been shaped by various ideological and political movements, particularly during and after colonial rule. Two major historiographical trends—colonial and nationalist—emerged in response to each other and significantly influenced how Indian history has been written and understood. This essay compares the key features, objectives, methodologies, and limitations of colonial and nationalist

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Write a note on the Marxist historiography in the West after Second World War.

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Introduction Marxist historiography has played a pivotal role in shaping historical scholarship, particularly in the West. After the Second World War, this school of thought gained significant traction, especially among scholars disillusioned by the rise of fascism and the failures of liberal capitalism. Marxist historians focused on class struggle, economic structures, and social relations, offering

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Describe the important features of Indo-Persian tradition of history-writing during the Sultanate period

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Introduction The Indo-Persian tradition of history-writing during the Sultanate period (13th to 16th century) was a significant phase in Indian historiography. With the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, Persian became the official language of administration and culture, and it heavily influenced historical writing. This tradition was characterized by its courtly style, theological influence, and chronicling

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Who are considered to be the founders of the Annales School of historiography? Discuss their works.

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Introduction The Annales School is one of the most influential movements in modern historiography. Founded in France in the early 20th century, it revolutionized historical writing by shifting the focus from political events to long-term social, economic, and cultural structures. The Annales School introduced interdisciplinary approaches and emphasized the use of data, geography, and social

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Discuss the distinctive features of Greco-Roman historiography.

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Introduction Greco-Roman historiography refers to the traditions and methods of historical writing developed in ancient Greece and Rome. These early historians laid the foundations of Western historiography, contributing significantly to the evolution of historical consciousness, methodology, and narrative style. Their works were often driven by political, ethical, and philosophical concerns. This essay explores the distinctive

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What do you understand by ‘microhistory’? Describe the historians and their works related to this tradition of history-writing.

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Introduction Microhistory is a historiographical approach that focuses on the intensive study of a small unit of research—such as a village, a family, or a single individual—over a limited period. Unlike traditional macro-level histories that emphasize large-scale political or economic events, microhistory investigates the everyday lives and experiences of ordinary people. This methodology emerged in

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What is objectivity? What role does the interpretation play in history-writing?

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Introduction In the discipline of history, the pursuit of objectivity has long been considered a crucial standard for credible and responsible scholarship. Objectivity in history-writing refers to the historian’s attempt to present facts and events without personal bias or subjective distortion. However, absolute objectivity has been a topic of intense debate, especially given the interpretative

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MGP-004 Gandhi’s Political Thought: Complete Assignment Answers (2024–25)

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Introduction This post compiles all the answer links for the IGNOU MGP-004: Gandhi’s Political Thought assignment (TMA 2024–25). It includes long-form and short-note responses organized as per the official question paper format. Use the links below to access each answer and complete your assignment effectively. SECTION – I Analyze Gandhi’s critique of the process of

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