2025

(a) Philosophical Foundations of Gandhi’s political perspective (b) Jawaharlal Nehru’s Scientific Humanism

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[a] Philosophical Foundations of Gandhi’s Political Perspective Mahatma Gandhi’s (1869–1948) political philosophy was deeply rooted in ethical and moral principles rather than mere political strategy. His ideas were influenced by Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity, and Western thinkers like Leo Tolstoy and Henry David Thoreau. He emphasized non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), self-rule (swaraj), and civil disobedience (satyagraha) […]

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(a) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan on Hindu–Muslim unity (b) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker on Dravidian Mobilisation

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[a] Sir Syed Ahmed Khan on Hindu–Muslim Unity Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817–1898) was a key intellectual and social reformer in 19th-century India. He played a significant role in modernizing Muslim society through education and socio-political reforms. While he is often associated with the foundation of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) and Muslim modernity, he also

(a) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan on Hindu–Muslim unity (b) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker on Dravidian Mobilisation Read More »

(a) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan on Hindu–Muslim unity (b) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker on Dravidian Mobilisation

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Role of Muslims in Anti-Imperialist Movement in Colonial India The anti-imperialist movement in colonial India was a broad struggle that included people from diverse religious, social, and economic backgrounds. While the movement was often led by figures from the Indian National Congress, Muslim leaders and communities played a crucial role in resisting British rule. Muslim

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Write a short note on each part of the following questions in about 250 words [a] Swami Vivekananda on Nationalism [b] Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia’s socialist thought

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Swami Vivekananda on Nationalism Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) was a prominent Indian monk, philosopher, and key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies to the Western world. His views on nationalism were deeply intertwined with his spiritual and cultural beliefs, emphasizing a harmonious blend of national pride and universal spirituality. Vivekananda’s conception of nationalism was not

Write a short note on each part of the following questions in about 250 words [a] Swami Vivekananda on Nationalism [b] Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia’s socialist thought Read More »

Discuss Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s views on caste system and its annihilation.

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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) was a towering intellectual, social reformer, and the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. One of his most remarkable contributions lay in his analysis of the Hindu caste system and his call for its annihilation. Born into an “untouchable” community, Ambedkar faced caste-based discrimination firsthand. His experiences shaped his determination to

Discuss Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s views on caste system and its annihilation. Read More »

Examine M.S. Golwalkar’s views on negative and positive Hindutva.

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M.S. Golwalkar (1906–1973) was a key figure in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization in India. Golwalkar wrote several books and delivered many speeches on what he believed to be the essence of Hindu identity, society, and culture. He spoke about Hindutva, which is often translated as “Hindu-ness” or the cultural essence

Examine M.S. Golwalkar’s views on negative and positive Hindutva. Read More »

Examine the arrival of nationalism in early 19th century India.

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Nationalism in India did not suddenly appear with the Indian National Congress in the late 19th century. Its roots can be traced back to various social, cultural, and political changes during the early 19th century. During this period, India was under the control of the British East India Company, which gradually established its power after

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Examine Sri Aurobindo’s critique of political moderates in Indian National Movements.

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Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950) was a key figure in India’s freedom struggle, known for his intellectual, nationalist, and spiritual contributions. In the early stages of his political life, he was actively involved in criticizing the “moderate” faction of the Indian National Congress. These moderates believed in petitioning the British rulers for gradual reforms and argued that

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Discuss the inter-relationship between religion and polity in pre-modern Indian Political Thought.

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In pre-modern India, religion and polity were deeply intertwined. Religious traditions often shaped political ideas, and rulers frequently used religious symbols and values to gain legitimacy. By “pre-modern,” we usually refer to the period before the major influences of colonialism and modern western ideas—roughly up to the 18th century. During this time, various dynasties, empires,

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Write a short note on each part of the following questions in about 250 words [A] Marx’s Historical Materialism [B] John Locke on social contract and civil society

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(a): Marx’s Historical Materialism Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, economist, and social theorist whose ideas have had a huge impact on politics, economics, and society. One of his most important contributions is Historical Materialism. This concept explains how human history is shaped by material or economic conditions. To keep it simple, Marx believed

Write a short note on each part of the following questions in about 250 words [A] Marx’s Historical Materialism [B] John Locke on social contract and civil society Read More »

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