The indirect use value of biodiversity lies in the vital ecosystem services it provides, which are not immediately tangible but essential for life. For instance, forests play a significant role in regulating the global climate by acting as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide, and mitigating the impacts of global warming. Wetlands and mangroves protect coastal […]
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Soil is often referred to as the foundation of life on Earth because of its critical role in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and human survival. It provides the medium for plant growth, enabling food production and supporting biodiversity. Soil is also home to countless microorganisms, insects, and other organisms that contribute to nutrient cycling, decomposition, and
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Kul and Bamboo drip irrigation are traditional water management systems that showcase the wisdom of sustainable resource use. Kul irrigation, common in Himachal Pradesh, involves a network of man-made channels called “kuls” that carry glacier meltwater to villages and farmlands. These channels are built along the contours of hills and ensure water reaches agricultural fields,
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Discuss Karl Marx’s Perspective on Class Karl Marx’s theory of class is one of the most influential frameworks in sociology, forming the foundation of Marxist thought. Marx analyzed class as a central element of society, rooted in the economic structure and modes of production. He argued that class struggle is the driving force of historical
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Examine the Relationship Between Identity and Identification Identity and identification are closely related sociological concepts that help explain how individuals see themselves and relate to others in society. Identity refers to how people define themselves, while identification is the process through which this identity is formed and recognized within a social context. — What is
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What is Citizenship? Discuss Its Various Types Citizenship is the official recognition of a person as a member of a country. It comes with legal rights, like voting and protection by the government, and responsibilities, such as following the laws and paying taxes. Beyond these formal aspects, citizenship also reflects an individual’s role in society,
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What is Modernity? Discuss Giddens’ Concept of Modernity Modernity refers to the historical period and the social, cultural, and economic conditions that emerged with the Enlightenment, industrialization, and the rise of modern science. It is characterized by the transformation of traditional societies into industrialized, urbanized, and rationalized societies. Modernity represents a break from the past
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What is Power? Discuss the Sources of Power Power is a central concept in sociology, defined as the ability of individuals or groups to achieve their goals, influence others, and shape social structures, even in the face of resistance. It permeates every aspect of social life, from interpersonal relationships to institutional dynamics and global politics.
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Discuss the Contribution of Levi-Strauss and Edmund Leach to the Understanding of Social Structure Structuralism, as a theoretical framework in sociology and anthropology, owes much to the contributions of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Edmund Leach. Their work revolutionized the study of social structure by emphasizing the underlying patterns of human thought and behavior as reflected in
Explain Parsons’ Action Theory Talcott Parsons’ action theory is a cornerstone of sociological thought, offering a framework to understand the voluntary, goal-directed actions of individuals in a social context. Parsons sought to integrate the subjective dimensions of individual actions with the structural-functional aspects of society, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human behavior and social systems. His
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