Introduction The Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) were economic policies introduced in Africa during the 1980s and 1990s, mainly by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These programs aimed to stabilize economies facing debt crises and promote growth through liberalization and privatization. While SAPs were intended to improve economic performance, they also had […]
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Introduction The concept of human security in Africa goes beyond traditional notions of state security, focusing instead on the safety and well-being of individuals. It addresses threats such as poverty, disease, conflict, and environmental degradation, which affect the daily lives of people. Given Africa’s history of conflict, underdevelopment, and inequality, human security has become a
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Introduction In recent decades, China has emerged as one of Africa’s most important international partners. China’s role in Africa is multifaceted, encompassing trade, investment, infrastructure development, and political cooperation. This partnership has generated both opportunities and challenges for African nations. In this short note, we will examine the key aspects of China’s engagement in Africa.
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Introduction The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s brought significant changes to international relations and peacekeeping operations. With the collapse of the bipolar rivalry between the U.S. and the USSR, the United Nations (UN) and regional organizations gained more space to carry out peacekeeping missions. Africa, which faced numerous internal conflicts, became
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Introduction The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), founded in 1961, emerged during the Cold War as a coalition of countries that sought to remain independent of both the U.S.-led Western bloc and the Soviet bloc. Africa played a vital role in NAM, as many newly independent African nations joined the movement to safeguard their sovereignty, promote development,
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Introduction Africa’s position in the international economy has been shaped by its colonial history, resource wealth, and global trade relations. Despite being rich in natural resources, Africa has often occupied a peripheral position in the global economy, dependent on the export of primary commodities and vulnerable to external shocks. However, globalization and new partnerships have
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Introduction Africa has experienced numerous violent conflicts since independence, ranging from civil wars to ethnic clashes and resource-related disputes. These conflicts have caused massive loss of life, displacement, and economic destruction. Understanding the root causes of these conflicts is crucial for achieving peace and stability in the continent. Main Causes of Violent Conflicts in Africa
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Introduction India and Africa share deep historical, cultural, and economic ties. These relations date back to ancient trade across the Indian Ocean and were later shaped by colonial experiences and struggles for independence. In the post-colonial period, India and African countries have cooperated in political, economic, and cultural spheres, making their partnership an important part
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Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa has made significant efforts to promote regional organizations aimed at economic development, political stability, and cooperation. These initiatives are rooted in the belief that regional unity can help African countries overcome challenges of poverty, underdevelopment, and dependence on external powers. Organizations like the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States
Describe the impact of Sub-Saharan Africa’s efforts on regional organization. Read More »
Introduction Foreign trade and investment have played a major role in Africa’s economy both during and after colonialism. Africa is rich in natural resources, but its participation in global trade has often been marked by dependency and exploitation. In recent decades, however, African countries have sought to diversify trade and attract more foreign investment. This
Describe the various features of foreign trade and investment in Africa. Read More »
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