2025

Examine the nature of population growth during colonial period in India.

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Introduction Population dynamics form a critical aspect of historical analysis, offering insights into economic, social, and political transformations. During the colonial period in India (approximately 1757–1947), population growth patterns underwent significant changes, shaped by policies, famines, epidemics, migrations, and infrastructural developments introduced by the British colonial administration. This essay examines the nature and implications of […]

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Discuss the impact of European interventions on Indian merchants and trade during the eighteenth century.

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Introduction The eighteenth century marked a significant transition in Indian history, particularly in the realm of commerce and trade. This period witnessed the increasing intervention of European trading companies—primarily the British, French, Dutch, and Portuguese—into Indian markets. These interventions drastically altered the structure of traditional trade networks, disrupted indigenous merchant communities, and laid the foundation

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Critically examine the distinctive characteristics of Mughal land revenue system.

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Introduction The Mughal Empire (16th–18th centuries) developed a sophisticated and centralized land revenue system that played a vital role in the empire’s stability and prosperity. Land revenue constituted the primary source of income for the state and was carefully administered through a bureaucratic apparatus. This essay critically examines the distinctive features of the Mughal land

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To what extent did means of artificial irrigation stimulate the agrarian production during the medieval period?

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Introduction Agrarian production formed the backbone of India’s medieval economy, and irrigation played a crucial role in ensuring its sustainability and growth. The medieval period (roughly from the 8th to the 18th century CE) witnessed significant developments in agricultural techniques, especially the use of artificial irrigation systems. These systems helped stabilize crop yields and facilitated

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Short Notes: i) Radio Carbon Dating ii) Guilds

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i) Radio Carbon Dating Radio Carbon Dating is a scientific method used to determine the age of organic materials, particularly those that are archaeological or historical in nature. Developed in the late 1940s by Willard Libby, the method relies on measuring the decay of carbon-14 (C-14), a radioactive isotope found in all living organisms. Once

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Critically examine the nature of foreign trade during 300 BC to 300 AD, with special reference to Peninsular India.

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Introduction The period between 300 BCE and 300 CE was a transformative era for foreign trade in India, particularly in the Peninsular region. This timeframe witnessed dynamic interactions between Indian merchants and those from the Roman Empire, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. Peninsular India, with its extensive coastline and natural harbors, played a central

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Discuss the salient features of Satvahana Economy.

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Introduction The Satvahana dynasty, which ruled parts of central and southern India between the 1st century BCE and the 3rd century CE, played a vital role in shaping the socio-economic landscape of ancient India. Emerging after the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the Satvahanas bridged the gap between the northern and southern political spheres and

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Discuss the recent trends in the economic history writings of Ancient India?

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Introduction The study of economic history of ancient India has undergone significant transformation over the past few decades. Earlier, economic history was primarily based on dynastic records, literary texts, and colonial interpretations. However, recent trends reveal a shift towards more interdisciplinary and analytical approaches. These newer perspectives take into account archaeology, numismatics, ecology, and comparative

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MHI-04: Political Structures in India – Master Post with Answer Links

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MHI-04: Political Structures in India – Assignment Answer Links Below is the complete list of answers for the IGNOU MHI-04 assignment (2024–25), with direct links to each post: Section A Write a note on the Satvahana state Discuss the debate on the study of early medieval polity How have the modern historians looked at the

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What were the objectives of the colonial revenue policy? Discuss.

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Introduction The colonial revenue policy in India was a cornerstone of British administrative and economic strategy. Designed primarily to extract maximum financial gain, it had far-reaching consequences for Indian agriculture, society, and economy. The British implemented various land revenue systems such as the Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems, all tailored to suit imperial objectives.

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