2025

Comment on the nature of the colonial forest policy.

Introduction Colonial forest policy in India was a defining element of British imperial governance, deeply affecting the environmental, social, and economic landscapes of the subcontinent. Instituted primarily to serve British economic interests, these policies transformed traditional forest usage, marginalized indigenous communities, and introduced centralized regulation. In this essay, we examine the nature, objectives, and consequences […]

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What was the nature of the Mughal administration? Discuss.

Introduction The Mughal Empire, which ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the early 16th to the mid-18th century, is renowned for its sophisticated and centralized administrative system. Mughal administration blended Central Asian traditions with Indian practices, resulting in an efficient and structured bureaucracy. The empire’s governance model set a precedent for subsequent Indian

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Discuss the administration of the state during the Pandyan times.

Introduction The Pandyan dynasty, one of the oldest and most prominent Tamil ruling houses in South India, held sway over regions in present-day Tamil Nadu. Their rule spanned several centuries, with two major phases: the early Pandyas (pre-Sangam and Sangam era) and the later Pandyas (post-Chola period). During both phases, especially in the later medieval

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Comment on the state during the Chola times.

Introduction The Chola dynasty, which ruled significant parts of South India between the 9th and 13th centuries CE, represents one of the most powerful and enduring political structures in Indian history. The Chola state is especially noted for its centralized administration, extensive temple economy, maritime trade networks, and sophisticated village self-governance. In this essay, we

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Write a note on the formation of the Kingdom of Malwa.

Introduction The Kingdom of Malwa was a significant political and cultural center in central India during the medieval period. Strategically located on the Malwa plateau, the region played a crucial role in the power dynamics between the northern and southern parts of India. The formation of the Kingdom of Malwa reflects the broader trends of

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Discuss the nature of state formation of the Vijayanagara kingdom.

Introduction The Vijayanagara kingdom, which thrived in South India between the 14th and 17th centuries, represents one of the most enduring and sophisticated examples of state formation in Indian history. Founded in 1336 CE by Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty, the kingdom emerged as a powerful political and cultural entity. Its ability to

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How have the modern historians looked at the state formation during the Delhi Sultanate period? Elaborate.

Introduction The Delhi Sultanate, which ruled over large parts of India from the early 13th to the early 16th century, marks a critical phase in Indian history. The question of how state formation occurred during this period has been the subject of various scholarly interpretations. Modern historians have examined the Delhi Sultanate through diverse frameworks,

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Discuss the debate on the study of early medieval polity.

Introduction The study of early medieval polity in Indian history has been a subject of considerable debate among historians. The period roughly from the 6th to the 13th century CE has traditionally been characterized in conflicting ways: while some scholars termed it a period of political fragmentation and decline, others have argued that it witnessed

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Write a note on the Satvahana state.

Introduction The Satvahana state, also known as the Satavahana dynasty, was one of the most significant post-Mauryan political entities in ancient India. Flourishing approximately between the 1st century BCE and the 3rd century CE, the Satvahanas played a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic contours of the Deccan region. Their rule marked a

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MHI-03 Historiography: Complete Assignment Answers (2024–25)

MHI-03: HistoriographyComplete Assignment Answers for 2024–25 This master post provides direct links to detailed answers for all the questions from the IGNOU assignment MHI-03: Historiography, valid for the 2024–25 session. Each answer is written in easy-to-understand language and exceeds the word limit required for TMA submission. Section – I What is objectivity? What role does

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