Antahkarana (Inner Physical Instrument)
Antahkarana is a concept from Indian philosophy that refers to the inner mental apparatus or internal organ of the mind. It is responsible for processing experiences and includes four main components: manas (mind), buddhi (intellect), ahamkara (ego), and chitta (memory or subconscious).
Manas handles perception and doubt, buddhi is responsible for judgment and discrimination, ahamkara gives the sense of individuality, and chitta stores impressions. Together, these elements govern human cognition, decision-making, and personality.
Antahkarana acts as the interface between the atman (soul) and the external world. It is considered subtle but crucial for understanding consciousness and experience in Vedantic and Yogic traditions. Unlike Western dualism that separates mind and body, Indian philosophy presents antahkarana as a holistic internal system essential for spiritual evolution and self-realization.