Do You Agree That Gandhian Approach Towards the Concept of Purushartha Is Different from Its Traditional Approach? Give Reasons to Support Your Answers
Introduction
The concept of Purushartha refers to the four aims of human life in Indian philosophy: Dharma (duty), Artha (wealth), Kama (desire), and Moksha (liberation). While traditionally these aims are pursued in a balanced way, Mahatma Gandhi offered a unique interpretation that emphasized ethical living and spiritual fulfillment over material pursuits.
Traditional vs. Gandhian Interpretation
Traditionally, Artha and Kama were accepted as legitimate goals when guided by Dharma and leading to Moksha. However, Gandhi was critical of Artha and Kama if they promoted selfishness, greed, or violence. He believed that uncontrolled pursuit of wealth and pleasure corrupts moral values and social harmony.
Gandhi redefined Purushartha to prioritize Dharma and Moksha. For him, Artha and Kama were secondary and only meaningful if pursued ethically. He integrated these goals with his values of Ahimsa, Satya, Brahmacharya, and Aparigraha, making spiritual evolution central to life’s purpose.
Gandhian Ethics in Practice
Gandhi’s life demonstrated how ethical living, simplicity, and service to others fulfill Purushartha. He believed Moksha could be realized through selfless action and devotion to truth. His reinterpretation was grounded in real-life social reform and moral discipline rather than abstract metaphysics.
Conclusion
Yes, Gandhi’s approach to Purushartha is significantly different from the traditional view. He reoriented it toward moral action and spiritual growth, de-emphasizing material success and sensual pleasure in favor of duty and liberation through service and self-purification.