How Does Patriarchy Control Women?
Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power and dominate in roles of leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. In such a system, women are often marginalized and subordinated. In India and many other societies, patriarchy influences every aspect of a woman’s life — from birth to old age.
1. Control Over Women’s Bodies and Choices
Patriarchy dictates how women should dress, behave, and live. It restricts their choices in matters of marriage, sexuality, and motherhood. Reproductive rights, such as access to contraception or abortion, are often controlled by male-dominated laws or societal norms.
2. Economic Dependence
Women are often denied equal opportunities for education and employment, keeping them financially dependent on male family members. This dependency reduces their bargaining power within families and society.
3. Division of Labour
Patriarchy reinforces gender roles, assigning women unpaid domestic work and caregiving responsibilities while men dominate paid and decision-making roles. Women’s contributions to the economy are undervalued or invisible.
4. Control Through Marriage and Family
In patriarchal families, fathers and husbands often make key decisions. Women may need permission to work, travel, or even access healthcare. Marriages are often arranged, and women may be discouraged from divorce even in abusive relationships.
5. Cultural and Religious Justifications
Patriarchy is deeply rooted in cultural and religious practices. Many customs and rituals prioritize male dominance and limit women’s public roles. Religious texts are sometimes interpreted in ways that justify women’s subordination.
6. Political Underrepresentation
Women are underrepresented in politics and leadership roles, meaning their voices and interests are less likely to be considered in policy decisions.
Conclusion
Patriarchy controls women by limiting their freedom, autonomy, and opportunities. Ending patriarchal control requires legal reforms, education, empowerment, and changing societal attitudes to promote gender equality and women’s rights at every level.