Introduction Colonialism and imperialism are two interrelated concepts that have played a major role in shaping world history. While often used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings and implications. Both involve domination by one country over another, but they differ in methods, motivations, and historical context. These systems of control led to widespread exploitation, cultural erosion, […]
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and truth is not limited to protest and resistance—it includes a vision for building a better, more just society. This vision was embodied in what he called the “Constructive Programme.” The Constructive Programme was a set of social, economic, and moral initiatives aimed at transforming Indian society from the
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Introduction Gandhian pacifism represents a unique and deeply moral approach to peace and non-violence. Rooted in the principles of truth (satya) and non-violence (ahimsa), it goes beyond simply avoiding physical violence. It is a philosophy and way of life that promotes harmony, justice, and love as the highest values. Mahatma Gandhi’s pacifism played a central
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Introduction Satyagraha, a term coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi, means “truth-force” or “soul-force.” It is one of the most powerful tools of non-violent resistance and conflict resolution in modern history. Gandhi used Satyagraha not only as a means to resist British colonial rule but also as a moral and practical method to address social,
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of individual autonomy is rooted in his broader philosophy of truth, non-violence, and self-realization. To Gandhi, true freedom meant more than political independence; it involved inner moral strength, self-discipline, and the ability to act in harmony with one’s conscience. His concept of individual autonomy is closely linked to self-rule or Swaraj,
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi believed that true independence for India could not be achieved through political freedom alone. According to him, economic equality was the “master key” to ensuring that independence was not only non-violent but also meaningful and sustainable. In Gandhi’s view, freedom without economic justice would be incomplete and would lead to continued suffering
Introduction One of the most profound contributions of Mahatma Gandhi to political and ethical thought is his emphasis on the relationship between ‘means’ and ‘ends’. Gandhi believed that the path one chooses to achieve a goal is just as important—if not more important—than the goal itself. In the context of conflict resolution, this principle becomes
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, had a very clear and strong critique of industrialization. He believed that the Western model of industrial growth was not suitable for India and would only lead to exploitation and moral degradation. His views on industrialization were deeply rooted in his philosophy of simplicity, self-reliance, non-violence,
Analyze Gandhi’s critique of the process of industrialization. Read More »
Short Notes – Section B: Question 10 (i–iv) i) Medieval Women as Property Holders In medieval India, the position of women as property holders was shaped by religious customs, regional practices, social status, and legal norms. While generally, women’s property rights were restricted, evidence suggests that women did own and manage property in certain contexts.
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Introduction The Mughal Empire, with its vast territorial expanse and complex administrative system, required a robust mechanism for the transmission of official information. The postal communication system, or the dak chowki system, was a vital administrative tool that ensured the flow of orders, intelligence, and reports across the empire. Though primarily developed for state purposes,
Discuss the basic feature of the organisation of postal communication in Mughal India. Read More »
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