Critical Periods During Development Critical periods are specific time frames in development when the brain is especially sensitive to certain environmental stimuli. Missing these windows can lead to irreversible deficits. For example, early childhood is a critical period for language acquisition and sensory development like vision and hearing.
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Identity Crisis Identity crisis is a psychological conflict during adolescence, as described by Erik Erikson. It involves questioning one’s sense of self, values, and direction in life. Teenagers may explore different roles and beliefs to form a stable identity. Failure to resolve this crisis can lead to confusion and low self-esteem.
Growth Spurt A growth spurt is a rapid increase in height and weight that typically occurs during puberty. It marks significant physical development, especially in bones and muscles. For girls, it usually begins around ages 10–12, and for boys around 12–14. Hormonal changes largely drive this process.
Relationships in Late Adulthood In late adulthood, relationships often become fewer but deeper. Older adults value emotional closeness and meaningful connections, especially with family and close friends. They may experience loss of a spouse or peers, making companionship and social support crucial for psychological well-being and life satisfaction.
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Characteristics of Infancy Stage The infancy stage (birth to 2 years) is marked by rapid physical growth, sensory development, and motor skills acquisition. Infants form strong emotional bonds, begin to recognize caregivers, and develop basic language and cognitive abilities. Trust vs. mistrust is the central psychosocial conflict according to Erikson.
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Educational Approach for Hearing Impaired Children Education for hearing impaired children includes visual-based methods like sign language, lip reading, and captioned content. Approaches such as Total Communication or Bilingual-Bicultural (Bi-Bi) models are used to support both language development and inclusion. Use of hearing aids or cochlear implants may also enhance learning outcomes.
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Introduction As individuals age, they experience several psychosocial changes that impact their identity, relationships, and emotional well-being. These changes are influenced by personal health, retirement, loss, and the evolving social roles associated with aging. Understanding these shifts is essential for promoting mental health and social inclusion among older adults. Key Psychosocial Changes in Older Adults
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Introduction Language development is a vital aspect of a child’s cognitive and social growth. It enables children to communicate, express emotions, interact with others, and learn effectively. Language development begins early in life and involves acquiring both the ability to understand (receptive language) and produce (expressive language) spoken or written words. Stages of Language Development
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Introduction Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect a person’s ability to understand, process, or respond to information effectively. These difficulties are not related to intelligence levels but rather how the brain receives and uses information. Individuals with learning disabilities may face challenges in reading, writing, speaking, or mathematical reasoning despite normal or above-average intelligence.
Introduction Understanding how individuals develop a sense of right and wrong is central to psychology. Two major theorists who contributed significantly to our understanding of moral development are Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. Both proposed stage-based models that explain how moral reasoning evolves from early childhood to adulthood. Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development Jean Piaget
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