Basic Microbiology

IGNOU BBCET-143 Assignment 2025 – Questions with Answer Links

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ASSIGNMENT Basic Microbiology Core Course in Biochemistry Course Code: BBCET-143 Assignment Code: BBCET-143/TMA/2025 Maximum Marks: 100 Note: Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it. Write the answers in your own words; do not copy from the course material. PART-(A) Marks: 50 (a) List the principles postulated by Robert Koch for […]

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What is the purpose of canning and pasteurization?

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Introduction Canning and pasteurization are two vital methods used in the food industry to preserve food and ensure its safety for consumption. These processes aim to eliminate or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms that cause food spoilage and foodborne illnesses. Both techniques are grounded in microbiological principles and play a crucial role in extending

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Discuss different types of symbiotic interactions in endomycorrhiza.

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Introduction Mycorrhiza refers to a symbiotic association between certain types of fungi and the roots of plants. Among the various types of mycorrhizae, endomycorrhiza is one of the most common and significant for plant health and soil ecology. In this interaction, the fungal hyphae penetrate the root cortex and establish a mutualistic relationship with the

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What are the possible mechanisms of action of anti-microbial drugs?

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Introduction Antimicrobial drugs are chemical agents used to inhibit or kill microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. These drugs play a vital role in treating infectious diseases and have significantly improved public health. Understanding the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs helps in designing new antibiotics, overcoming resistance, and choosing the right therapeutic

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Differentiate between the active and passive transport.

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Introduction Transport of substances across the cell membrane is a fundamental biological process essential for the survival and function of all living cells. This process ensures that nutrients, ions, and molecules reach the cell’s interior, while waste products are expelled. The movement of these substances occurs through two primary mechanisms: active transport and passive transport.

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Explain the phases of microbial growth curve in batch culture.

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Introduction In microbiology, the microbial growth curve is an essential concept used to describe the growth of microorganisms over time in a closed system, such as a batch culture. A batch culture is a system where no additional nutrients are added after the initial inoculation, and waste products are not removed. As microorganisms grow, they

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Discuss the effect of temperature and pH on microbial growth.

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Introduction Microorganisms are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, and two of the most critical physical factors that influence their growth are temperature and pH. Each microbial species has specific temperature and pH ranges in which it can grow and thrive. Understanding these effects is essential in microbiology, food preservation, fermentation technology, and infection control. In

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Write short notes on mycotoxins and mucormycosis.

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Introduction Mycotoxins and mucormycosis are two significant terms in the field of microbiology and medical science. While mycotoxins refer to toxic substances produced by certain fungi, mucormycosis is a serious fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. Both have major health implications for humans and animals and are studied extensively for their

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Give a brief description of ultrastructure of algae with a suitable diagram.

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Introduction Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms found in aquatic and moist environments. They range from unicellular microscopic forms like Chlorella to large multicellular forms like seaweeds. Algae are eukaryotic (except for blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, which are prokaryotic) and possess membrane-bound organelles. Understanding their ultrastructure helps in appreciating their ecological roles, photosynthetic

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