Concept Formation Concept formation is the cognitive process of grouping similar objects, events, or ideas into categories based on shared features. It helps in organizing information and making sense of the world. For example, recognizing apples, bananas, and grapes as fruits involves understanding the concept of “fruit.”
Introduction Adolescence is a transitional stage marked by significant physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes. It generally occurs between ages 12 and 18. During this period, individuals undergo rapid development while trying to form a stable identity, which often leads to internal and external challenges. Understanding these issues is crucial for supporting adolescents effectively. Challenges
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Introduction As individuals age, they experience several psychosocial changes that impact their identity, relationships, and emotional well-being. These changes are influenced by personal health, retirement, loss, and the evolving social roles associated with aging. Understanding these shifts is essential for promoting mental health and social inclusion among older adults. Key Psychosocial Changes in Older Adults
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Introduction Language development is a vital aspect of a child’s cognitive and social growth. It enables children to communicate, express emotions, interact with others, and learn effectively. Language development begins early in life and involves acquiring both the ability to understand (receptive language) and produce (expressive language) spoken or written words. Stages of Language Development
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Introduction Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect a person’s ability to understand, process, or respond to information effectively. These difficulties are not related to intelligence levels but rather how the brain receives and uses information. Individuals with learning disabilities may face challenges in reading, writing, speaking, or mathematical reasoning despite normal or above-average intelligence.
Introduction Understanding how individuals develop a sense of right and wrong is central to psychology. Two major theorists who contributed significantly to our understanding of moral development are Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. Both proposed stage-based models that explain how moral reasoning evolves from early childhood to adulthood. Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development Jean Piaget
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Introduction Middle adulthood, typically ranging from ages 40 to 65, is a phase marked by significant physical, psychological, and social transitions. Although not considered old age, this period begins the process of ageing. Individuals face a range of issues including declining physical abilities, shifting family responsibilities, career transitions, and emotional adjustments. Understanding these ageing-related challenges
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Introduction Prenatal development is the process through which a human embryo or fetus develops from a single-celled zygote to a full-term baby. This journey, spanning approximately 40 weeks, is divided into three distinct stages: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage. Each stage features critical biological changes and developmental milestones that lay
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Introduction Middle childhood, typically ranging from 6 to 12 years of age, is a critical period in a child’s social development. During this stage, children transition from a family-centered environment to more peer-influenced social contexts, such as schools and extracurricular activities. The development of social skills, self-concept, friendships, and moral reasoning becomes increasingly complex and
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