Ego Defense Mechanisms Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies used by individuals to protect themselves from anxiety or distressing thoughts. Examples include denial, repression, projection, and rationalization. These mechanisms help maintain emotional stability but may distort reality and hinder emotional growth if overused. They play a key role in psychodynamic theory.
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Introduction Group psychotherapy is a form of therapy where multiple clients participate in sessions led by one or more trained therapists. It provides a supportive environment where individuals can share experiences, receive feedback, and develop coping skills. Group therapy is used for various psychological issues, including anxiety, depression, substance abuse, trauma, and social skills development.
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Introduction Integrative psychotherapy combines techniques and concepts from different therapeutic approaches to tailor treatment to the client’s specific needs. Rather than following a single theoretical framework, integration allows therapists to draw on a wide range of theories, models, and techniques to deliver more flexible and effective care. This approach is gaining popularity as it accommodates
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Introduction Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an evidence-based treatment designed for young children (ages 2–7) with emotional and behavioral problems, particularly oppositional behavior, defiance, and aggression. Developed by Sheila Eyberg, PCIT focuses on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship and teaching effective parenting techniques to promote positive behavior. Goals of PCIT Improve parent-child relationships
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Introduction Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is a structured, time-limited therapy focused on improving interpersonal relationships and communication patterns to alleviate psychological distress, especially depression. It was developed in the 1970s by Gerald Klerman and Myrna Weissman. IPT is based on the idea that interpersonal issues contribute to mental health problems and resolving them leads to emotional
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Introduction Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, developed two key models to explain the structure and functioning of the human mind: the structural model and the topographical model of personality. These models form the foundation of psychodynamic theory and describe how different parts of the mind interact and influence behavior, emotions, and thoughts. Freud’s Topographical
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Introduction Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy, also known as Person-Centered Therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s. It is a humanistic approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes the individual’s capacity for self-understanding and self-healing. Rather than focusing on diagnosing or fixing the client, the therapist provides a supportive environment that facilitates personal growth and self-discovery. Core
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Introduction Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a widely used, evidence-based psychotherapeutic method developed by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. It is based on the premise that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected, and that changing unhelpful thoughts can lead to changes in emotions and behaviors. CBT is structured, goal-oriented, and short-term, and is
Introduction Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT), also known as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), is a goal-directed and collaborative approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes solutions rather than problems. Developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in the 1980s, this therapy focuses on a client’s strengths and resources to build solutions instead of dwelling on past issues.
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