MASTER’S DEGREE PROGRAMME
IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
Introduction The idea of Shanti Sena (Peace Army) was developed by Mahatma Gandhi as part of his vision for non-violent conflict resolution and social transformation. Shanti Sena was designed to be a group of trained volunteers who would promote peace, prevent violence, and actively intervene in conflicts using non-violent means. While it may sound like […]
Idea of Shanti Sena and its role in conflict resolution Read More »
Introduction Tolerance is the ability to accept and respect differences in opinions, beliefs, customs, and lifestyles. It is one of the essential values for building a harmonious society. In a world with diverse cultures, religions, and communities, tolerance helps people live together peacefully and cooperatively. Mahatma Gandhi often emphasized the importance of tolerance as a
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of community peace was based on his lifelong commitment to non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), and social harmony. For Gandhi, peace was not just the absence of conflict but the presence of justice, compassion, and cooperation within communities. He believed that peaceful communities could only be built through love, mutual respect, and
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Introduction Mahatma Gandhi’s views on strikes were shaped by his philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), and moral responsibility. While he supported the rights of workers to protest and demand fair treatment, he emphasized that strikes must follow ethical and non-violent principles. According to Gandhi, a strike is not just a tool to force employers
Gandhi’s views on the ‘ethics of strikes’ Read More »
Introduction Fasting was one of Mahatma Gandhi’s most powerful tools for non-violent protest and self-purification. For Gandhi, fasting was not just about avoiding food—it was a moral and spiritual act to influence society, awaken the conscience of the wrongdoer, and appeal to higher human values. In today’s world, where protest often takes the form of
Gandhi’s views on fasting and its relevance today Read More »
Introduction When most people hear the word “peace,” they often think of the absence of war or violence. This idea is known as negative peace. But peace is not just about stopping fighting. It also means creating a society where people live in harmony, justice, equality, and well-being. This broader, deeper idea is called positive
Concept of positive peace Read More »
Introduction Violence is usually understood as physical harm, but it goes beyond just visible aggression. Johan Galtung, a well-known peace researcher, introduced two important types of violence: direct and structural violence. While direct violence is easy to identify because it includes actions like hitting, killing, or physical abuse, structural violence is hidden and often built
Difference between Direct and Structural Violence Read More »
Introduction In today’s world, where conflicts are rising due to political, religious, ethnic, and economic reasons, dialogue and negotiation have become essential tools for maintaining peace and harmony. These peaceful methods of communication help resolve disputes, promote understanding, and avoid violence. Whether it’s between individuals, communities, or nations, dialogue and negotiation are key to building
Relevance of dialogue and negotiation in the contemporary world Read More »
Introduction Conflict is a natural part of human life and society. While not all conflict is bad, it can become harmful when it leads to violence, division, or long-term tension. To prevent and manage conflict effectively, we must understand its root causes or sources. The sources of conflict vary depending on social, political, economic, cultural,
Specific sources of Conflict Read More »
Introduction Peacebuilding is not just the work of governments and international organizations. Real and lasting peace must come from the people. When communities and individuals actively participate in peace processes, the chances of success greatly increase. People’s participation in peace processes means involving citizens at every stage—before, during, and after conflicts—to ensure that their voices,
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