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MSO-002: Complete Solved Assignment Answers (2024–25)

MSO-002: Research Methodologies and Methods – Complete Solved Assignment (2024–25) This post contains all solved answers for IGNOU’s MSO-002 assignment, including both Section A (theoretical questions) and Section B (research reports). All responses are written in easy-to-understand language, aligned with IGNOU guidelines. Section A – Answer Any Two (All Answered) What is phenomenology? Explain with […]

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Relevance of open and distance learning as a means of empowerment of the socially excluded and marginalized people in India.

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Introduction Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has emerged as a revolutionary mode of education, breaking the barriers of geography, class, gender, and disability. In a country as diverse and unequal as India, traditional education systems have often failed to accommodate the needs of marginalized groups—such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), women, rural poor,

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Impact of transnational migration on Indian Society.

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Introduction Transnational migration refers to the movement of people across national borders while maintaining active connections—social, economic, and cultural—with their countries of origin. India, being one of the largest sources of emigrants globally, has a long history of transnational migration. Over the years, millions of Indians have migrated to countries in the Gulf, Europe, North

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Relevance of caste in contemporary politics.

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Introduction Caste has long been a defining feature of Indian society and politics. Although the Indian Constitution outlawed caste-based discrimination and attempted to create a more egalitarian society, caste continues to play a crucial role in political mobilization, representation, and policy-making in contemporary India. From elections and party strategies to welfare schemes and social justice

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Critically examine the nature and scope of feminist method in social science research.

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Introduction The feminist method in social science research emerged as a response to the male-dominated perspectives and biases of traditional methodologies. Feminist scholars criticized mainstream research for ignoring women’s experiences and for using methods that reinforced gender inequality. The feminist method not only aims to study women but also challenges the assumptions, structures, and power

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Discuss the participatory approach to social research. Compare and contrast it with conventional research methodologies.

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Introduction The participatory approach to social research is a method that emphasizes the active involvement of the community or participants in the entire research process—from identifying the problem to collecting data, analyzing results, and implementing changes. It aims to democratize knowledge production by treating participants not merely as subjects but as co-researchers. This method stands

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Explain the comparative method. Discuss its scope in social science research.

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Introduction The comparative method is a fundamental approach in social science research used to identify similarities and differences between social phenomena across different societies, cultures, time periods, or groups. It is based on the premise that by comparing various social contexts, researchers can understand the patterns, causes, and effects of social behavior. The method helps

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What is positivism? Discuss Giddens’s critique of positivism.

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Introduction Positivism is a philosophical and methodological approach that emphasizes the use of scientific methods to study social phenomena. Originating from the natural sciences, positivism believes that knowledge should be derived from observable and measurable facts, rather than subjective interpretations. In social science, positivism advocates for value-neutral, objective, and quantifiable research methods. However, this approach

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What is phenomenology? Explain with reference to the contribution of Martin Heidegger to understand phenomenology.

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Introduction Phenomenology is a philosophical approach and research methodology that seeks to explore and understand human experience from the first-person point of view. It was developed in the early 20th century as a response to the dominant scientific and positivist paradigms. Phenomenology emphasizes the lived experiences of individuals and how they perceive, interpret, and make

What is phenomenology? Explain with reference to the contribution of Martin Heidegger to understand phenomenology. Read More »