Introduction
On-the-job training (OJT) refers to training provided to employees while they are performing their regular tasks at the workplace. It is one of the most effective and practical ways to teach skills and knowledge required for specific jobs, particularly in the tourism and hospitality sectors where hands-on experience is crucial.
Methods of On-the-Job Training
1. Job Rotation
In job rotation, employees are moved between different tasks or departments. This broadens their skills and understanding of various functions. For example, in a hotel, a management trainee may spend time in housekeeping, front desk, and food services to gain overall exposure.
2. Coaching
Coaching involves a senior or experienced employee guiding and mentoring a junior staff member. It includes regular feedback and performance support. For instance, a senior tour guide may coach a new guide on route planning and customer interaction techniques.
3. Job Instruction Training (JIT)
This structured approach involves demonstrating tasks, providing step-by-step instructions, and then letting the trainee perform under supervision. For example, a chef may teach a new cook the steps of preparing a signature dish.
4. Mentoring
Mentoring is a long-term relationship between a senior employee and a junior one, focusing on career development. A hotel manager mentoring an assistant manager helps them grow professionally.
5. Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship is commonly used in skilled trades where learners work under the guidance of a master to acquire in-depth knowledge and experience. For instance, an apprentice in a luxury resort learns the art of hospitality over a defined training period.
6. Committee Assignments
Employees are included in temporary committees to solve problems or develop strategies. This exposes them to teamwork and problem-solving. For example, staff may be included in a committee to plan a new tour package.
7. Understudy
In this method, the trainee works as an assistant to a senior employee and is prepared to take over that position. This is commonly used for succession planning. For instance, an assistant front office manager understudies the front office manager.
Conclusion
On-the-job training is highly effective in real-world environments, especially in tourism and hospitality where experiential learning is essential. It not only enhances job-specific skills but also improves confidence, productivity, and employee engagement.