Introduction
Landfilling is one of the most commonly used methods for waste disposal. It involves the burial of solid waste in designated areas, called landfills, which are carefully engineered to minimize environmental hazards. While not the most sustainable method, it plays a critical role in waste management systems, especially in urban areas.
How Landfilling Works
Modern landfills are lined with impermeable layers to prevent leachate (contaminated water) from polluting groundwater. Waste is compacted in layers, and each layer is covered with soil to reduce odors and deter pests. Gas collection systems may also be installed to capture methane for energy use.
Importance of Landfilling
- Cost-effective: Compared to incineration and recycling, landfilling is relatively inexpensive, making it suitable for developing countries.
- Volume Reduction: Helps manage the large volume of municipal solid waste, especially non-recyclable materials.
- Gas Recovery: Landfills can generate energy by capturing methane gas from decomposing waste.
- Simple Technology: It does not require complex infrastructure, making it easier to implement.
Limitations
However, landfilling has environmental drawbacks such as groundwater contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and space constraints. Therefore, it should be combined with waste reduction, recycling, and composting efforts for sustainable waste management.
Conclusion
Despite its limitations, landfilling remains an essential part of integrated waste management systems, especially for disposing of residual and hazardous waste safely.