What are the Direct Operating Costs and Indirect Operation Costs of an Airline? Describe the specific features of airline marketing.
Introduction Airline operations involve substantial expenditures, categorized broadly into direct and indirect operating costs. Understanding these costs is vital for financial planning, pricing strategies, and maintaining profitability. Additionally, airline marketing has evolved into a complex discipline focused on brand positioning, customer loyalty, and revenue optimization. Direct Operating Costs of an Airline Direct operating costs (DOCs) […]